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Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy: Role of Milk Components
Published in Lohith Kumar Dasarahally-Huligowda, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, 2019
Studies have also shown that catecin with pyrogallol moiety target electrophile-responsive element (EeRE). The caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) with two phenol hydroxyl groups inhibits xanthine oxidase by binding at molybdopterin region of the active site. The inhibitory activity is enhanced additionally with the substitution on one hydroxyl group with alkyl chain of the alcohol part.150 The existence of the hydroxyl groups at 4′ and 7′ position makes genistein hydrophobic, which contributes to its estrogenic activity, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects.92 Similarly, the presence of hydroxyl groups at C3, C5, and 4′ positions of kaempferol contributes to its antioxidant activity.99
Electrosmog from Communication Equipment
Published in William J. Rea, EMF Effects from Power Sources and Electrosmog, 2018
Long-term exposure of rats to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation produced oxidative stress (increased oxidant products of free radicals) in retinal tissue. Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) components of honeybee propolis administered daily to the animals prior to their electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure caused a significant reduction in the levels of the oxidant products.39 In a previous study of the same group, melatonin was found to reverse oxidative tissue injury in rat kidneys after 10 days exposure at 30 min per day to 900 MHz GSM radiation emitted by mobile phones.40
In vitro antiviral effect of Mexican and Brazilian propolis and phenolic compounds against human coronavirus 229E
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán, Juan Carlos Galvéz-Ruíz, Luisa A. Ikner, Marcelo Andrés Umsza-Guez, Thiago Luiz de Paula Castro, Charles P. Gerba
Studies conducted evaluating Mexican and Brazilian propolis have reported promising antiviral effects (Silva-Beltrán et al. 2021). Brazilian green propolis has been reported to be an effective in vivo antiviral, reducing hospitalization times of SARS CoV-2 patients (Fiorini et al. 2021). Propolis presents a mixture of substances, including over 800 chemical fractions (Toreti et al. 2013; Salatino and Salatino 2021; Salatino 2022). The main component is the phenolic content. Among the main compounds reported in Mexican propolis are the phenethyl ester of caffeic acid, caffeic acid, and pinocembrin. Brazilian green propolis is composed mainly of prenylated phenylpropanoids, chiefly artepillin C; Brazilian red propolis contains chiefly formomnomethine. However, the fact that there is a great diversity of constituents or main components is not an indicator that each one has an antiviral effect. Various studies by molecular coupling have shown that compounds such as caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, myricetin, rutin, hesperetin, and quercetin present in the ethanolic extracts of propolis have the potential inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection (Ali and Kunugi 2021; Guler et al. 2021). Among the phenolic compounds detected in propolis from Mexico and Brazil and reported with antiviral effects are quercetin, rutin, and caffeic acid (Silva-Beltrán et al. 2021). Therefore, it is proposed that propolis from Mexico and Brazil and phenolic compounds such as quercetin, rutin, and caffeic acid could have activity against HCoV-229E and other types of coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.