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Honey Bee Farming for Sustainable Rural Livelihood
Published in Rohini Prasad, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Arnab Banerjee, Advances in Sustainable Development and Management of Environmental and Natural Resources, 2021
I. Merlin Kamala, I. Isaac Devanand
Propolis is proved to have medicinal properties that kills bacteria and fungi, acting as a strong fungicide and disinfectant (Ghisalberti, 1979). It can be used to treat wounds and infections, dermatitis, and cancer (Aspay, 1977). Propolis is an inhibitor against bacteria, fungi, and yeast (Olivieri et al., 1981). Propolis is an ingredient in toothpaste, ointments, creams, and soaps. Propolis dissolved in alcohol also has many medicinal properties. Propolis is used to seal cracks and crevices where microorganisms flourish. The volatile oils present in the propolis serve as a kind of antiseptic air-freshener. Among all the honey bee species, only Apis mellifera forage for propolis. The little bee, Apis florae makes ring like pattern of propolis as a coating to suspend its comb nest from the branch, to protect from its enemies. The stingless bees do collect a resinous substance similar to propolis, which they use to seal the cracks and crevices of the hive and to create honey and pollen storage vessel (Fearnley, 2005). Propolis can be useful income source as it fetches US$10 per kg.
Wound healing and antibacterial capability of electrospun polyurethane nanofibers incorporating Calendula officinalis and Propolis extracts
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Masoud Davoudabadi, Shoreh Fahimirad, Ali Ganji, Hamid Abtahi
Propolis or bee glue is a natural resinous substance collected by honey bees from tree buds or other botanical sources. The antibacterial activity of Propolis against gram-positive bacteria seems to be mainly related to the resin’s flavonoids, aromatic acids, and esters. Flavanone pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxy flavanone) and its 3-OH analog, flavonol galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxy flavone), caffeic acid (3,4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and its esters are abundant component of the Propolis structure. Fractions volatilization with phenols and terpenoids and quercetin are the most potent germicidal compounds in Propolis. Flavonoids exert significant antibacterial activities. They may reduce the resistance of bacterial cells to other antibacterial agents by increasing the permeability of the bacterial inner membrane [9]. Wound dressing is vital in managing certain open wounds, including traumatic, thermal, or chronic wounds. An ideal wound dressing should perform certain functions, such as absorbing exudates from the wound area, maintaining a moist environment, and mimicking the native tissue structure. In addition, the ideal wound dressing should be non-allergenic, non-toxic, and non-adhesive [10].
Microencapsulation of propolis by spray drying: A review
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Kashif Maroof, Ronald F. S. Lee, Lee Fong Siow, Siew Hua Gan
Due to the carcinogenic nature of several synthetic antioxidants, customers tend to prefer natural antioxidants[6,7] which generate new interests in the use of natural preservatives and antioxidants.[8] In this respect, propolis is a suitable candidate due to its valuable biological properties and antioxidant activity.[9] Nevertheless, in terms of practicality; propolis is rarely used in food products since its extraction requires ethanol, making it unsuitable for Muslim consumption.[10] Additionally, it has a strong flavor and aroma and is only sparingly water soluble.[11] Currently, its application is more common in pharmaceuticals or consumer products; for example, in the production of capsules, sirups, shampoos, mouthwash, toothpaste, and cosmetics.[12]
Optimization of total phenolic compounds extracted from propolis by ultrasound- assisted extraction
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021
Najihah Yusof, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim, Rajaletchumy Veloo Kutty
Propolis is the adhesive and resin- based material obtained by bees from different types of plants’ exudates (discharge). The resinous substance was transformed by bees and they use it to seal holes, to smooth out the interior part of the pods in the hive and to avoid the intruders from entering the hive (Lagouri et al. 2014). The composition of propolis is as follows: 50% of it is comprised of resins and balsam from vegetable, 30% of bees’ crude wax, 10% of aromatic and essential oils, and less than 6% of the propolis comprises of pollen and several compounds like the organics (Anjum et al. 2018). The phytochemicals of propolis are geographically unique. As mentioned by (Bankova et al. 2014), propolis’ chemical composition is qualitatively and quantitavely variable, depending on geographical origin and regional flora. However, factors like sampling region and time of collection affect the propolis composition may be quantitatively and qualitatively, though they are obtained from the same country (Soltani et al. 2017). The overall composite of propolis is formed of flavonoids, phenolic acid, terpeneoids, steroids, amino acids, coumaric acids and inorganic compounds, (Bonvehí and Gutiérrez 2012; Darendelioglu et al. 2016). By having this property, propolis can perform a wide range of pharmacological activities. These phenolic compounds were reported to reduce inflammation, lessen the oxidation in cells, unfavorable to cancer cells and potentially halt the microbial activities (Anjum et al. 2018). To obtain propolis extract, crude propolis will be transformed to powder, and then alcoholic extraction (maceration) or aqueous solution extraction would take place (Mello and Hubinger 2012).