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Microbial Bioconversion of Agro-Waste Biomass into Useful Phenolic Compounds
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Bhabjit Pattnaik, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Padan Kumar Jena, Hara Prasad Sahoo
Vanillic acid (VA, C8H8O4) is a monohydroxybenzoic acid. Conversely, it is chemically, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (Figure 3.2). Vanillic acid is a chlorogenic acid that is an oxidation product of vanillin (Dhananjaya et al., 2006). This phenolic acid possesses an important role as a plant metabolite and occurs in a variety of vanilla and various other plant extracts (Lesage-Meessen et al., 1996). The acid usually occurs in several cereal crops, fruits, whole grains, herbs, juices, green tea, wines, and beers. The phenolic acid can be observed in various plant species, mainly, Alnus japonica, Fagara spp., Elaeagnus pungens, Gossypium mexicanum, Erica australis, Melia azedarach, Paratecoma koraiensis, Panax ginseng, Pterocarpus santalinus, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Rosa canina, Trachelospermum asiaticum, Lentinula edodes, and Amburana cearensis (Itoh et al., 2009). The utmost quantity of vanillic acid observed so far in plants relates to the root of an herb indigenous to China, Angelica sinensis, which finds applications in customary Chinese medicine (Duke, 1992). Açaí oil which is extracted from açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea) fruit is a rich source of vanillic acid (Pacheco-Palencia et.al., 2008). VA is a prime natural phenol occurring in argan oil and is also occurs in vinegar and wine (Galvez et.al., 1994). This phenolic acid is a scent and flavoring representative that imparts a nice, creamy aroma (Lesage-Meessen et al., 1996).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae—A Platform for Delivery of Drugs and Food Ingredients Encapsulation and Analysis
Published in Ederio Dino Bidoia, Renato Nallin Montagnolli, Biodegradation, Pollutants and Bioremediation Principles, 2021
Bahman Khameneh, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz, Maryam Nakhaee Moghadam
Resveratrol is a photosensitive natural phenol with high antioxidant activities. To achieve the sustained release and improved solubility and bioavailability, resveratrol was successfully encapsulated in S. cerevisiae cells. Furthermore, in vitro releasing property was shown in the potential applicability of yeast cell as an effective delivery carrier for this compound (Shi et al. 2008).
Nanophytopharmaceuticals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Alka Mukne, Swapna Nair, Misbah Momin
Stimuli-sensitive polymers, such as chitosan, that show phase transition in response to external stimuli, such as pH or temperature, have been explored as alternative polymers for developing nanoparticles for tumor targeting. Curcumin, a natural phenol obtained from Curcuma longa, is reported to have potent anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. Curcumin is extremely safe for clinical use in humans and is considered to be a “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS) compound by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The clinical use of curcumin is limited due to its poor water solubility, poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and rapid metabolism in the liver. Rejinold et al. (2011) prepared thermoresponsive polymeric nanoparticles loaded with curcumin for attaining tumor-targeted delivery of the drug. The nanoparticles were prepared by an ionic gelation method using chitosan-g-poly-(N-vinylcaprolactam). A hemolysis assay revealed that thermoresponsive nanoparticles loaded with curcumin were non-hemolytic at concentrations up to 10 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity in normal cells (L-929 mouse fibroblast cells), and cancer cells (MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, KB oral cancer cells, and PC-3 prostate cancer cells) were evaluated by MTT assay. Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity was observed in both cancer and normal cells, and the apoptosis was mitochondria-dependent, as confirmed by JC-1 mitochondrial potential analysis. Subsequently, Udompornmongkol and Chiang (2015) prepared polymeric nanoparticles loaded with curcumin for the treatment of colorectal cancer, this time by adding gum Arabic to chitosan by the emulsification-solvent diffusion method. In vitro release of curcumin from the nanoparticles in simulated gastric fluid was studied and it was observed that curcumin nanoparticles remained stable at acidic pH. In vitro anticancer activity and cell uptake of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated in human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-116 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The nanoparticles showed greater cytotoxic activity in both HT-29 and HCT-116 cells compared with free curcumin, due to increased uptake of nanoparticles by the cells.
Structural and optical characterization of γ-irradiated LG-PVA/Ag nanocomposite film
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2022
E. M. Mahrous, M. M. E. Barakat, Radiyah A. Bahareth, Saad Aldawood, S. A. Nouh
The chemical configuration and construction of LG are similar to that of lignin. Simply, lignin is a biopolymer consisting of monomers based on p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl that are arbitrarily linked through ether or C−C bonds (3,4). Lignin is a plentiful natural phenol polymeric material that serves a diversity of essential purposes for non-wooded and wooded biomasses (5,6). We can get treated lignin from the biomass crushing industry as it is generally viewed as a worth addition derivative (7). In addition, we can get bio-plant lignin from bio-plant procedures that create energy, fuels, and resources from renewable lingo cellulosic biomasses (8). Current tissue and paper procedures have exact use for their lignin byproducts such as fuel basis and chemical retrieval in kraft, value addition LG in sulfites (9). Lately, lignin-based LG has displayed talented features in stabilizing the tricky soil (10). The soil treated by LG has gathered clay particles. This is due to the neutralization of the positively charged LG and the negatively charged clay minerals (10).
On the effects of freeze-drying processes on the nutritional properties of foodstuff: A review
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Maite Harguindeguy, Davide Fissore
Ellagic acid is a natural phenol antioxidant found in numerous fruits and vegetables. Its retention in blueberries after MVD and combined HAD-MVD was significantly higher (232 and 297 mg/100 g respectively) than the retention with only HAD and VFD (37.7 and 25.7 mg/100 g). Quercetin glycoside retention in blueberries was higher after VFD (332 mg/100 g), followed by MVD, combined HAD-MVD and HAD (201, 156 and 137 mg/100 g respectively).[95] Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid it is classified as a polyphenolic compound. Chlorogenic acid values were higher in blueberries after VFD, probably due to lower processing temperature. This organic acid is known to isomerize or degrade when treated under high temperatures.[77]
Physicochemical characteristics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) electrospun nanofibres for the adsorption of phenol
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2020
Ainil Hawa, Kumar Sudesh, Suresh Sagadevan, Abdul Mukheem, Nanthini Sridewi
Research and development of biodegradable polymer materials to adsorb pollutants have shown many useful applications in wastewater treatment. PHAs are 100% biodegradable polyesters produced from various HAs [5]. In this study, the natural phenol adsorption was achieved using hydrophobic interaction of PHAs namely P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HHx). Extracted PHA is hardly being used directly as adsorbent especially in its bulk form. Physical modification can be used to alter the surface properties [6] via electrospinning, whereby PHA can be tailored into a porous, high surface area matrix suitable for adsorption of organic molecules.