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Corn Silk and Health Benefits
Published in Hajiya Mairo Inuwa, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Emmanuel Olufemi Ekundayo, Abubakar Gidado, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Medical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutics, Forensic Science and Bioinformatics, 2022
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Michael Olugbenga Samuel, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Olufemi Idowu Oluranti
Neurological diseases are connected with oxidative stress-mediated neural cell apoptosis, and oxidative damage plays significant role in the pathology of neurodegeneration, as a result of elevated cellular reactive oxygen species ROS generation (Contestabile, 2001; Moreira et al., 2005; Angelova and Abramov, 2018). Corn silk extract has been reported to possess butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase inhibiting potentials (Kan et al., 2012). Choi and coworkers have demonstrated the neuroprotective capacity of corn silk-derived maysin in neurodegenerative disease. They found out that corn silk maysin mediate its neuroprotective action through increased antioxidant effects (Choi et al., 2014). Interestingly, the neuroprotective effect of corn silk maysin is mediated via decrease in ROS, apoptosis, neuronal cell death, and DNA oxidative damage. Hence, corn silk-derived maysin will be a good adjuvant for the amelioration of neurological disorders and associated cognitive decline (Choi et al., 2014).
Multi-Functional Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Ireen Denya, Sarel F. Malan, Jacques Joubert
Cholinesterases are widespread enzymes found in both cholinergic and non-cholinergic tissues as well as in plasma and other bodily fluids (Massoulié et al., 1993). They are classified into two forms according to their substrate specificity, behaviour in excess substrate and susceptibility to inhibitors (Tarihi et al., 2003). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also referred to as ‘true cholinesterase’ is encoded by a gene on chromosome 7 (Aldridge, 1953). It is the more prominent of the cholinesterases and the only one consistently associated with cholinergic pathways. It was found that cholinergic neurons display high AChE enzyme activity in the perikaryon, proximal dendrite and axon (Mesulam and Geula, 1991). AChE is known to be abundantly available in the brain, muscle and erythrocyte membrane (Dave et al., 2000). The second cholinesterase, found mainly in the liver, heart and lungs is called butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). It is also known as pseudocholinesterase or non-specific cholinesterase and is present in much lower concentrations than AChE with limited distribution in the central nervous system (Dave et al., 2000; Mesulam, 2000). The two cholinesterases present similar soluble molecular forms in tissues and body fluids with differing tissue distribution.
Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers Against Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Published in Anne-Marie Caminade, Cédric-Olivier Turrin, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Phosphorus Dendrimers in Biology and Nanomedicine, 2018
Anne-Marie Caminade, Cedric-Olivier Turrin, Jean-Pierre Majoral
Cholinesterase inhibitors are the most commonly used drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases; thus, it was interesting to test the influence of some viologen dendrimers on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Indeed, both cholinesterases are deeply implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. They colocalize with Ap peptide plaques in Alzheimer’s disease and accelerate the assembly of amyloid-p peptides into fibrils. Only two small dendrimers were tested: G0CHO and N3P3G0PO3 (see structure in Fig. 11.6). Both dendrimers inhibited the activity of both enzymes [29].
Elaeagnus angustifolia extract green-formulated zinc nanoparticles possess a protective activity against nicotine-induced neurotoxicity
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Various studies have shown that the biological synthesis of nanoparticles with plant extracts causes the formation of particles with excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties [26]. Herbal medicines contain various compounds, including antioxidants that can be used to eliminate or reduce the toxic effects of various oxidants. Studies show that some herbal remedies reduce the risk of developing diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer’s [27–30]. Essential oils and plant extracts inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in vitro. In addition to their antioxidant activity, nicotine effects and anti-inflammatory properties have also been reported [28, 29]. Plant antioxidants can reduce aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. Studies have shown that plant extracts improve memory. The effect of herbs on memory may improve brain function through the antioxidant properties of these herbs [28–31]. These extracts may also enhance the function of central neurotransmitter systems affecting memory. Therefore, these plants for therapeutic cases of memory loss due to various factors, needs further investigation [29–31].
Transition metal complexes incorporating lawsone: a review
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Freeda Selva Sheela Selvaraj, Michael Samuel, Arunsunai Kumar Karuppiah, Natarajan Raman
Kumbhar et al. assessed the ability of iron(II) and iron(III) complexes of lawsone (1) and juglone for modulating radiation induced lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes. Conclusions were made that the protection offered by the complexes against lipid peroxidation at high doses made them suitable for developing radiation therapy for cancer. The radiation induced peroxidation of lipids is inhibited via fast recombination. At lower concentration, the complexes induce the peroxidation of lipids through redox cycling [31]. The lawsone derived Mannich base complexes of copper (16) reported by Vilela et al. were examined for their capability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition is the mode of action adopted by pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates which damage the nervous system leading to the death of the insect. All the complexes displayed enhanced activity over the free ligands against AChE but none of them showed activity against BChE. The overall results proved that the metal complexes of lawsone derivatives are potential cholinesterase inhibitors [60].
A review on the biomedical efficacy of transition metal triazole compounds
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Wardha Zafar, Muhammad Imran, Zahid Hussain Chohan
Cholinesterase inhibition potentials of the triazole derived compounds of MLA, SM, FM and SK series have been studied against two cholinesterase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The percentages of their inhibitory activity are given in Table S3. All compounds of the MLA series were active against both cholinesterase enzymes (Figure 19). Results of cholinesterase inhibition revealed that the triazole Schiff base (MLA-1) was 42.61 and 56.66% active against BChE and AChE, while (MLA-2) was 25.52 and 44.25% active against AChE and BChE. The copper complex (MLA-17) exhibited highest inhibitory activity of 94.60% against BChE, while vanadium complex (MLA-3) showed highest inhibitory activity of 90.90% against AChE. Manganese complexes (MLA-5) and (MLA-13) exhibited 93.47 and 93.50% against BChE, while 89.70 and 89.60% inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme, respectively. Chromium complex (MLA-12) exhibited lowest activity of 06.20 and 13.68% against AChE and BChE enzymes. The decreasing order of enzyme inhibition was, AChE (55.41%) > BChE (52.72%).