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Halophilic Microbiome
Published in Ajar Nath Yadav, Ali Asghar Rastegari, Neelam Yadav, Microbiomes of Extreme Environments, 2021
Mrugesh Dhirajlal Khunt, Rajesh Ramdas Waghunde, Chandrashekhar Uttamrao Shinde, Dipak Maganlal Pathak
Betaine is another compatible solute, synthesized by halophilic microbes in response of abiotic stresses, is an osmoprotectant and methyl group donor that inhibits nuclear factor-κB activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, regulates energy metabolism and mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and in turn also has the beneficial effect of human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease (Zhao et al. 2018). Betaine has a positive effect on internal human organs as it improves vascular system and enhances its performance, while also being an important nutrient for the prevention of chronic diseases (Craig 2004). It also finds application in PCR amplification to increase yield and specificity of GC rich DNA templates (Roberts 2005). Actinoployspora sp., Halorhodopira halochloris, Thioalkalivibrio versutus have been characterized for their betaine production (Shivanand and Mugeraya 2011).
Antibacterial and biodegradable keratin-based quaternary ammonium salt surfactant potential as hair care additive
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Shan Li, Zetian Zhang, Yang Liu, Junchao Wang, Kaifeng Yang, Deyan Chen, Ze Liang, Zhengjun Li
Surfactants are characterized by both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same molecule, and are widely used in food,[1] pharmaceutical,[2,3] and cosmetics.[4] Nowadays, with the change of consumption concept and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, the adverse effects of surfactants have aroused strong concern. Therefore, the research, development and application of biomass-based eco-benign surfactants with safety, mildness, biodegradability and biocompatibility are of great significance not only to the consumer but also to global public health security. Biomass-based surfactants[5] not only have excellent surface activity, foaming ability and emulsifying ability of common surfactants, but also show the unique characteristics of natural biomass, such as good biocompatibility, easy biodegradation and non-toxicity.[4,6,7] Moreover, as a kind of mild surfactant, zwitterionic surfactants (betaines)[8,9] have gentle effects on the skin[10] and show good hair conditioning properties,[4] which are widely used in shampoo and other personal care products. Therefore, it is very necessary and valuable to conduct in-depth further research on biomass-based betaines. It is worth noting that keratin hydrolysate can be extracted from various keratinous substances produced by textile industry and poultry slaughterhouses, exhibiting good biocompatibility, easy biodegradability, non-toxicity and ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation.[11–13] Obviously, keratin hydrolysate is a promising candidate for the preparation of biomass-based betaine surfactants.