China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cyanobacterial toxins
Published in Ingrid Chorus, Martin Welker, Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water, 2021
The BMAA-neurodegenerative disease hypothesis is built on four major contentions: BMAA was the primary cause of ALS/PDC due to high levels in food in Guam.The disease is sufficiently similar to ALS, Parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease to enable BMAA to cause all of these diseases.The environmental/dietary exposure levels outside of Guam are sufficient to cause this disease in humans.BMAA acts through its incorporation into proteins displacing serine.
Evaluation of Water and Its Contaminants
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
The nonproteinogenic amino acid BMAA is ubiquitously produced by cyanobacteria in marine, freshwater, brackish, and terrestrial environments.672,673 The exact mechanisms of BMAA toxicity on neuron cells are being investigated. Research suggests both acute and chronic mechanisms of toxicity.674,675 BMAA is being investigated as a potential environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease (Figures 3.43 and 3.44).
Water quality risks in the Murray-Darling basin
Published in Australasian Journal of Water Resources, 2023
Sara G Beavis, Vanessa NL Wong, Luke M Mosley, Darren S Baldwin, James O Latimer, Patrick Lane, Aparna Lal
Cyanobacteria can have considerable impacts on human health through exposure to the variety of cyanotoxins they produce (Funari and Testai 2008; Merel et al. 2013). These toxins can cause liver, dermatological, digestive, and neurological diseases when ingested by humans and other mammals (Carmichael et al. 2001). In the tropical and subtropical waters of Australia, the hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin produced by a variety of cyanobacteria is common, and has been associated with a range of health problems, including but not limited to vomiting, hepatomegaly and kidney dysfunction in humans via contaminated drinking water supplies (Byth 1980). Livestock deaths have also been reported in the Murray-Darling Basin from various toxic blooms (Codd et al. 1994). Neurotoxic cyanotoxins, affecting the nervous system and brain have also been reported in Australian waters, with various anatoxins identified in Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Aphanizomenon species of cyanobacteria (Méjean et al. 2014). Recently, the amino acid BMAA, which is associated with increased incidence of neurodegenerative disease, has been identified in eight genera of cyanobacteria found in eastern Australian freshwater systems (Violi et al. 2019).
Cyanobacteria, water quality and public health implications: a systematic scoping review
Published in Australasian Journal of Water Resources, 2023
Jack Grentell, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Aparna Lal
Cyanobacteria are frequently present in Australian waterways and managing the extent of these blooms has been an ongoing challenge for government and environmental managers. In the tropical and subtropical waters of Australia, the hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin, produced by a range of cyanobacteria (Rasmussen et al. 2008), is prominent and has been responsible for health problems, including but not limited to vomiting, hepatomegaly and kidney dysfunction in humans via contaminated drinking water supplies (Byth 1980). Neurotoxic cyanotoxins have also been reported in Australian waters, with various anatoxins identified in Dolichospermum, Oscillatoria and Aphanizomenon species of cyanobacteria (Méjean et al. 2014). Recently, the amino acid BMAA, produced as a toxin by some species of cyanobacteria and associated with increased incidence of neurodegenerative disease, has been identified in eight genera of cyanobacteria found in eastern Australian freshwater systems (Violi 2019).