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Fossil Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Associated petroleum gas (APG), or associated gas, is a form of natural gas which is found with deposits of petroleum, either dissolved in the oil or as a free “gas cap” above the oil in the reservoir. Historically, this type of gas was released as a waste product from the petroleum extraction industry. Due to the remote location of many oil fields, either at sea or on land, this gas is simply burnt off in gas flares. When this occurs the gas is referred to as flare gas.
Combined cooling heat and power supplying scheme for oil and gas fields development
Published in Vladimir Litvinenko, Youth technical sessions proceedings, 2019
E.L. Leusheva, V.A. Morenov, A.S. Martel
Oil recovery is usually accompanied by vast amounts of associated petroleum gas (APG), with extracted volume up to several thousand cubic meters. APG has value as an energy source as well as a resource for petrochemistry, but conducted research revealed that more than 50 billion m3 of gas is burnt annually in Russia (Pospehov et al. 2017a, b).
Technical, economic, and environmental assessment of flare gas recovery system: a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Seyed Morteza Mousavi, Kamran Lari, Gholamreza Salehi, Masoud Torabi Azad
Russia is one of the countries that have the highest levels of flaring gas in the world. Loe and Ladehaug (2012) surveyed the ways to reduce gas flaring in Russia. They claimed that in a time of domestic economic insecurity, as well as in Russia’s primary export market in Europe, authorities are likely to prioritize keeping the status quo to ensure political stability at the expense of investments and structural reform. It may be a premise to reach the associated petroleum gas (APG) utilization goal. Heidari, Ataei, and Rahdar (2016) investigated some methods to generate power from flare gas. They also studied burning the mixture of flare gas and conventional fuel, and sending flare gas to an intermediate stage of a gas turbine. The results show that the second method is preferable from technical and economic aspects for all of the flare and natural gas flow rates except when the amount of flare gas in the plant is lower than 0.8 kg/s. Fallah, Belghaieb, and Hajji (2019) studied and analyzed the potential of electricity generation from AG produced in a Tunisian oil company. They used Olga software to investigate the possibility of transporting AG into the same pipeline that carries oil and water. In order to investigate the process feasibility, a technical, economic, and environmental assessment was performed. From the economic viewpoint, the eliminating flare process showed a net present value (NPV) of about 408 USD,315 and a PBP of 3.2 years.