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Introduction to Cancer, Conventional Therapies, and Bionano-Based Advanced Anticancer Strategies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to destroy cancer cells. The drugs work by killing cancer cells or interfering with tumor growth. Chemotherapy is usually considered one of the most effective cancer treatment methods; however, this type of therapy can induce severe side effects, as it can also destroy healthy cells. The adverse effects depend upon the type of cancer and the type of drugs used to treat it. Generally, the side effects are not associated with the treatment effectiveness, and once the treatment process is over, the side effects may stop. Normally, chemotherapy agents are prescribed to a patient in measured dosages and in specific intervals of time. Sometimes a combination chemotherapy is used, during which two or more drug agents are used at the same time [114].
Comparison of Healing Effect of DMSP in Green Sea Algae and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Various Inflammatory Disorders
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
For several decades, a number of chemical anticancer drugs has been developed but they prove to have serious side effects for patients at present (Rates, 2001; Tsuda et al., 2004; Truong, Hindmarsh & O’Brien, 2009). In contrast, chemoprevention for cancers of products and purified compounds originating from plants, especially herbal plants, has been found in abundant numbers (Rates, 2001; Tsuda et al., 2004; Truong, Hindmarsh & O’Brien, 2009). However, naturally occurring compound with a potent anti-cancer effect without side effects has not been detected (Rates, 2001; Tsuda et al., 2004; Truong, Hindmarsh & O’Brien, 2009). We examined the effect of DMSP in green sea algae on the most common type of cancer (carcinoma), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (free cell cancer), and an organ cancer, liver cancer (solid cancer), with model animals.
The Advantages and Versatility of Carrier-Free Nanodrug and Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Therapy
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
As seen from the above examples, poor water solubility is one of the main challenges for clinical applications of many anticancer agents. Beyond this, most anticancer drugs act as antiproliferative agents and have poor selectivity resulting in severe side effects [454]. These anticancer drugs can be taken up by frequently replicating cells, regardless of the cell type, which require high nutrient supply. Therefore, anticancer agents cause serious side effects on healthy tissues dividing rapidly such as mucous membranes of mouth, throat, stomach, and intestines, resulting in gastrointestinal side effects. Hair follicles are also fast-dividing cells, and correspondingly, patients suffer from hair loss including facial and body hair [455]. They also harm bone marrow cells, which are responsible for the production of white and red blood cells. This further reduces the ability of body to fight infections [456]. It is also demonstrated that exhibiting frequently proliferating cell profile in tumor masses can be misleading as this is due to the high number of cells in dividing state. In fact, many of the tumor cells, particularly solid tumor cells, multiply rather slowly [457,458].
Ozonation and UV photolysis for removing anticancer drug residues from hospital wastewater
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Darliana Mello Souza, Jaqueline Fabiane Reichert, Vanessa Ramos do Nascimento, Ayrton Figueiredo Martins
Anticancer drugs are a group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of cancer that are designed to disrupt or prevent cellular proliferation usually by interaction with DNA function and cell signaling. Although anticancer drugs are designed to kill rapidly growing cells such as those found in cancer tumors, because of the lack of selectivity of these drugs,[11–13] they can attack healthy cells in addition to the tumor cells and cause cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, as well as teratogenic effects, leading to adverse effects in eukaryotic living organisms.[9,14–16] These chemicals are among the most toxic chemicals that are commercially produced and are the only pharmaceutical products explicitly classified as “hazardous” under the Waste Framework Directive of the European Commission;[17] thus, they are considered a great environmental concern in terms of their potential risk.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of a new nanostructured Ca(II)-MOF as 5-FU delivery system to inhibit human lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induce cell apoptosis
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Di Li, Li-Fei Li, Zhi-Fang Zhang, Dong Xue, Lei Pan, Yang Liu
In clinical treatment, most anticancer drugs exert activity via inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Thus, in this experiment, after synthesis of the compound, the biological functions of 5-FU@1a against NCI-H292 and NCI-H460 human lung cancer cell proliferation were determined by the CCK-8 assay. After 5-FU@1a treatment, CCK-8 results showed that 5-FU@1a considerably inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells at different concentrations (p < 0.05, Figure 5(a,b)). The IC50 values of 5-FU@1a on NCI-H292 and NCI-H460 cells were calculated with SPSS 22.0 according to the cell proliferation curves and are listed in Table 2. The 5-FU@1a has the IC50 values of 1.38 ± 0.08 µM and 1.45 ± 0.09 µM on NCI-H292 and NCI-H460 cells, respectively, exhibiting extraordinary anti-proliferation activity on human lung cancer cells and with little effect on the normal human cell growth.
Biological evaluation of copper(II) complexes on N(4)−substituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives and diimine co-ligands using DNA interaction, antibacterial and in vitro cytotoxicity
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Neelaveni Rajendran, Abirami Periyasamy, Nithya Kamatchi, Vasantha Solomon
Synthesis of novel transition metal complexes is the most developing area in biological chemistry in support of metal-based therapeutic applications, redox properties, owing to their bonding features, uncomplicated preparation, structural properties, marvelous complexation, ligand-substitution reaction, interaction among the biological molecules and miscellaneous bioactivity [1, 2]. Over the earlier period, platinum-based therapeutic agents such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin have been commonly used for chemotherapy in cancer patients. Though it is broadly used for anticancer treatment over the decades, the outcome of chemotherapy causes severe side effects, which embrace neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and vomiting [3, 4]. To overcome these side-effects, alternative efforts were made to replace those drugs with nonplatinum-based metal complexes.