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Iodine is needed to maintain health
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
With this background, examples of pharmaceuticals containing iodine atoms, the largest of stable halogens, are as follows: First, typical drugs include the diagnostic drug Iopamidol and Iohexol, X-ray contrast agent. They have 5-amino-2,4,6-triodo-isophthalic acid (ATIPA) as their common mother framework, are chemically stable, and are not subject to biological metabolism. Various hydrophilic substituents are introduced to the side chain and drugs with increased water solubility are used as injections. Amiodarone is an anti-arrhythmic agent used in the treatment of refractory and fatal arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia which cannot be treated as other arrhythmia. However, it is accompanied by side effects such as interstitial pneumonia, thyroid function disorder, and cornea deposit formation, and is a difficult-to-use drug.
Imaging of drug-induced lung disease
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Amiodarone is a di-iodinated benzofuran derivative used to treat atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Up to 10 per cent of patients treated with amiodarone will develop lung injury. Typically, amiodarone-induced lung injury occurs more often when the daily dose is greater than 400 mg.30
Identification and characterization of amiodarone metabolites in rats using UPLC–ESI-QTOFMS-based untargeted metabolomics approach
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Eun Sook Jeong, Gabin Kim, Daeun Yim, Kyung-Sik Moon, Su-Jun Lee, Jae-Gook Shin, Dong Hyun Kim
Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic benzofuran derivative that is extensively utilized clinically in treatment of life-threatening ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias (Naccarelli et al. 2000). Despite its clinical effectiveness, amiodarone is under re-evaluation attributed to fatal side effects. In practice, the most common human toxicities noted are hepatitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Hepatotoxicity may be induced by various mechanisms of action including oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and free radical generation (Mesens et al. 2012; Pereira et al. 2017; Sarma, Pei, and Venkataraman 1997; Serviddio et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2018). Several investigators indicated that amiodarone metabolism plays an important role in drug-induced hepatic and pulmonary toxicity (Endo et al. 2012; Waldhauser et al. 2006). Induction of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) by rifampin increased amiodarone-mediated hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells (Zahno et al. 2011). Amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity was enhanced when mice were administered amiodarone after pretreatment with dexamethasone (Takai et al. 2016). These results indicated that toxic metabolites may be generated via the actions of cytochrome P-450.
Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Mona Abdel-Rahman, Amira A. Bauomy, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Mona Ahmed Khalifa
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent and is an iodine-containing drug which accumulates in lungs and in other several organs. In addition, amiodarone induces pulmonary toxicity [10]. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has been widely cultivated in Mediterranean regions. The carob pods have a prospect role in human healthy. Pods contain a large amount of tannins. Carob extracts have antioxidant and antimutagenic properties, antidiarrheal, cholesterol lowering activities and ameliorate the mice nephrotoxicity [11[12][13]–14] . Carob is used in cough syrup due to its expectorant effect. However, traditional use of carob cures did not cause any toxicological effects in lung, brain and other organs in male rabbit [15].