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Angiogenesis Treatment with CD13 Targeting Nanomedicines
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Madhu Gupta, Ramesh K. Goyal, Vikas Sharma
A novel metalloenzyme inhibitor, CHR–2797 which has potential to convert into a pharmacologically active acid product (CHR–79888) inside cells. It is a potent inhibitor of a number of intracellular aminopeptidases and shows their antineoplastic property against a range of tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo (Krige et al., 2008). CHR–2797 is orally bioavailable agent, and in combination with paclitaxel it can be employed as undergoing phase Ib clinical investigation in the treatment of solid tumors (van Herpen et al., 2010). According to the reported phase I trial with accelerated titration design, 40 patients were selected with advanced solid tumors. CHR–2797 was taken once a time daily, but it showed toxicities such as fatigue, diarrhea, peripheral edema, nausea, dizziness, and constipation. One patient prompted partial response in case of renal cell carcinoma, and four patients had stable disease for >6 months (Reid et al., 2009). Tosedostat is currently in a registration study in patients with relapsed/refractory acute Macleod leukemia.
Differential Protein Expression Following JP-8 Jet Fuel Exposure
Published in Mark L. Witten, Errol Zeiger, Glenn D. Ritchie, Jet Fuel Toxicology, 2010
Frank A. Witzmann, Mark L. Witten
As in the lung (see Table 5.1), a decline in renal protein processing and vesicular trafficking activities associated with JP-8 exposure was observed in the kidney. Whereas a different set of proteins was affected in the kidney, a similar protein processing effect is suggested by decreased aminopeptidase and increased Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor beta (Rab GDI-2) expression. Aminopeptidase is an abundant renal exopeptidase that plays a substantial role in the normal disposition of a variety of proteins. Aminopeptidase regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, cell signaling, cell activation, differentiation, and cell-cell communication by activating precursor proteins or inactivating specific cellular proteins. The decreased aminopeptidase expression suggests reduced processing and turnover of intracellular proteins, further implying impaired cell growth and viability observed with JP-8 exposure.
Overview of Angiogenesis: Molecular and Structural Features
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Arye Elfenbein, Michael Simons
In contrast to the broad vascular expression pattern of phosphotidyl serine phospholipids, the membrane-bound metalloprotease known as aminopeptidase N, or CD13, has received attention on account its specific association with angiogenic endothelial cells (51). Aminopeptidase N has been shown to inactivate or activate small, extracellular, bioactive peptides by cleaving their terminal residues. However, its particular regulatory role in angiogenesis has been characterized in several models, while the involved substrates remain elusive. Furthermore, the recent discovery that CD13 inhibitors attenuate the progression of tumor angiogenesis (52) augments this molecule’s candidacy as a specific marker of novel vessel growth.
Nutrient recovery and changes in enzyme activity during vermicomposting of hydrolysed chicken feather residue
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Bayu Dume, Ales Hanc, Pavel Svehla, Pavel Michal, Olga Solcova, Abraham Demelash Chane, Abebe Nigussie
Earthworms and microorganisms produce a variety of enzymes during vermicomposting, and they are responsible for the enzymatic transformation of organic matter that occurs during composting. Many authors recognise the dynamics of changes in some enzymatic activities as biological indicators of compost maturity [33,34]. This is due to the fact that biochemical degradation of organic matter in the composted mass is catalysed by specific hydrolytic enzymes, including: β-D-Glucosidase that hydrolyse glucosides, aminohydrolases, proteases, and ureases involved in organic N mineralisation [35], acid phosphatases that hydrolyse organic phosphorus compounds into inorganic forms [36], arylsulfatases that produce sulphate sulphur () from organic sulphur compounds of the composted mass [37,38], lipases that break down acylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol [35], chitinases enzymes that are break down chitin, particularly glycosidic linkages, releasing smaller N-containing organic molecules, cellobiohydrolase hydrolyses the β-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose and cellotetraose to release cellobiose or glucose from the cellulose chain [39]. Alanine and leucine aminopeptidases are enzymes that extract terminal N from amino acids, peptides, amides, and arylamides [40]. The enzymes measured in this experiment were chosen based on available data, and the following hydrolytic enzymes were considered: β-D-Glucosidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, lipase, chitinase, cellobiohydrolase, alanine aminopeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase [41].