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Effect of Biochar on Soil Herbicide Transport
Published in Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment, 2022
Daniel Valadão Silva, Tatiane Severo Silva, Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes, Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo, Francisca Daniele da Silva, Kassio Ferreira Mendes
Herbicides applied in post-emergence (direct contact with the plants) also can be moved out of the application area by transport. The transport happens because, in addition to reaching the target plants, some molecules can get the soil, prone to other transport events. Although less of a concern than pre-emergence herbicides, Melland et al. (2016) observed that more than 50% of the glyphosate, 2,4-D, fluoroxypyr, atrazine, and diuron herbicides applied located in sugarcane cultivation were transported in the dissolved phase of the soil. Herbicides commonly applied in post-emergence have already been detected in river waters in several countries, such as the United States (glyphosate and atrazine) (Mahler et al. 2017), Brazil (metolachlor, atrazine, diuron, and simazine) (Barizon et al. 2020), Argentina (glyphosate and glufosinate (Andrade et al. 2021), and Australia (glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid – AMPA) (Okada et al. 2020).
Environmental Fate Data for Miscellaneous Compounds
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Soil. Degrades microbially, releasing phosphoric acid, N-nitrosoglyphosate (Newton et al., 1984), ammonia (Cremlyn, 1991), N,N-dimethylphosphinic acid, N-methylphosphinic acid, glycine, N-methylaminoacetic acid (sarcosine), hydroxymethylphosphonic acid (Duke et al., 1991), aminomethylphosphonic acid (Duke et al., 1991; Hoagland, 1980; Muir, 1991; Normura and Hilton, 1977; Rueppel et al., 1977), and carbon dioxide (Sprankle et al., 1975; Cremlyn, 1991). N-Nitrosoglyphosate also formed from the nitrosation of glyphosate in soil solutions containing nitrite ions (Young and Khan, 1978).
Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water
Published in Joseph Cotruvo, Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook, 2019
Its chemical name is N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, and it is a fairly simple phosphonate with the chemical formula C3H8NO5P. It is marketed in several salt forms in water solution along with inert ingredients that facilitate plant uptake. Glyphosate is not a persistent chemical and is biodegradable by soil microbes, in water and aquatic sediment. It has low soil mobility. The major metabolites are aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and carbon dioxide. AMPA is more persistent than glyphosate.
Herbicide determination in Brazilian propolis using high pressure liquid chromatography
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
M. A. Umsza-Guez, N. P. Silva-Beltrán, B. A. S. Machado, A. P. Balderrama-Carmona
Bees use other types of plants to obtain raw material for the production of propolis. These plants may be conventional crops that regularly use herbicides, which may be a primary source of contamination (Navntoft et al. 2011). Alternatively, environmental contamination by herbicides can be caused by dispersion and transport through bodies of water (underground, river, streams, lakes, and pond), by air in the form of particles, by soil contamination and other forms (Moreira et al. 2002). Pesticides (mainly systemic herbicides) can be present in plants and trees that can absorb the chemical through their foliage or roots and translocate them to other parts of the plant, such as the buds (Baumann et al. 1999; Wagner et al. 2003; Nandula and Vencill 2015). The most widely used herbicide is glyphosate followed by atrazine and picloram (Bombardi 2017). In most studies of glyphosate, its principal degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid-AMPA) is also measured (Niemann et al. 2015; Leyva-Soto et al. 2018).
Electrochemical incineration of glyphosate wastewater using three-dimensional electrode
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Kaíque S. G. C. Oliveira, Rosimeire M. Farinos, Alyne B. Veroli, Luís A. M. Ruotolo
Considering the low organic concentration and slow flow rate provided by the peristaltic pump, the values observed for ε were already expected, but it must be considered that these experiments have not been designed to optimise the degradation process, but to investigate and identify the operational variables affecting the electrooxidation performance using the 3D-electrode proposed in this work. Although there are many works in literature reporting the role of current density, flow rate and temperature on the electrochemical oxidation of organics, a similar study for a RVC/PbO2 has not be found. In our case, the non-uniform current and potential distribution within the porous matrix associated with the formation of intermediate compounds during the electrooxidation imposes a new complex scenario. Indeed, in our previous study employing RVC for Cr(VI) electroreduction, the non-uniformity of the potential profile within the RVC electrode has been experimentally confirmed [36]. Moreover, the electrochemical degradation of glyphosate occurs according to the mechanism displayed in Figure 2, with sarcosine and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) being the main formed intermediates.
Removal of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid from synthetic water by nanofiltration
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Jiang Yuan, Jinming Duan, Christopher P. Saint, Dennis Mulcahy
Glyphosate (C3H8NO5P) is an active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide and it is supposed to be specific on plant metabolism and less toxic than other pesticides. However, glyphosate was found to be toxic to human embryonic and placental cells and can disrupt the animal cell cycle in urchin eggs [1]. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is an important metabolite produced during microbial degradation of glyphosate. The applications of glyphosate can result in detectable glyphosate and AMPA residues in groundwater in the vicinity with glyphosate application [2,3].