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Nanoemulsions: Status in Antimicrobial Therapy
Published in Adwitiya Sinha, Megha Rathi, Smart Healthcare Systems, 2019
Atinderpal Kaur, Rakhi Bansal, Sonal Gupta, Reema Gabrani, Shweta Dang
Primaquine belonging to 8-aminoquinoline category is used to treat malaria caused by both P. vivax and P. ovale. Primaquine causes disruption of the mitochondrial membrane and is the only drug against malaria (Baird & Hoffman, 2004). Singh and Vingkar (2008) developed a NE loaded with primaquine using HPH. The emulsion had a particle size of 96.5 nm, which was stable against creaming, cracking, or phase separation. Encapsulation efficiency of NE was 95% with a drug release of >90.0% within 8–10 h. Animal studies showed that NE reduced the dose up to 25%. It was effective at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day when compared with the drug solution that was effective at 2.0 mg/kg/day. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the peak plasma concentration for NE was 1.5 times higher (6.27 μg/mL) than the aqueous drug solution. The oral bioavailability of primaquine was enhanced 1.3 times when compared with the area under curve (AUC) of NE than the drug solution. The drug level concentration in the liver was higher for NE, suggesting better drug targeting than drug solution, proving NE to be a successful delivery system for primaquine for malarial treatment.
Two hundred times enhancement of emission intensity of a heptadentate acyclic sensor coordinated with Zn2+ ion: synthesis, crystal structure and emission properties
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Therefore, the detection of Zn2+ ion in biological samples is of significant interest and importance. The search for reagents which can efficiently act as fluorescence sensors for Zn2+ ion has been an active area of research [4–6]. Over the past few decades, many different fluorescent chemosensors for Zn2+ have been developed, using quinoline, [7] anthracene, [8] and coumarin [9] such as aryl sulfonamide derivatives of 8-aminoquinoline, 6-methoxy-(8-p-toluenesulfonamido)quinoline (TSQ) [10] and Zinquin, as well as Zinbo-5, [11] the Zinpyr (ZP) family, [12] and the ZnAF molecules [13]; among them most of the sensors contain highly conjugated systems. However, some require complicated syntheses and they are insoluble in aqueous media. It is well known that in biological systems, the zinc ion concentration range appears in the micromolar to nanomolar range and it prefers an aqueous medium.
The role of 8-quinolinyl moieties in tuning the reactivity of palladium(II) complexes: a kinetic and mechanistic study
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Daniel O. Onunga, Deogratius Jaganyi, Allen Mambanda
All syntheses were done under nitrogen. RAC-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,10-binaphthyl (97%), 8-aminoquinoline (98%), 8-bromoquinoline (98%), NaOtBu (97%), 2-picolylchloride hydrochloride (98%), pyridine-2-carboxyaldehyde (99%), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium(0) (97%), lithium perchlorate (98%), potassium tetrachloropalladate (K2PdCl4 99.99%), dichloro-1,5-cyclooctadiene palladium(II) (Pd(COD)Cl2, 99%), thiourea nucleophiles, and the ligand, di-(2-picolyl)amine were all purchased from Aldrich and used as received. Solvents were distilled before use and dried through standard procedures [41].
Synthesis of six- and seven-membered and larger heterocylces using Au and Ag catalysts
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2018
The carbon-hydrogen insertion of 8-aminoquinoline carboxamide directing group bearing tethered aryl iodide in the presence of palladium catalyst constructed benzoxepine[128] (Scheme 48).