China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Recent Trends in Nanobiocatalysis for Biofuel Production
Published in Madan L. Verma, Nanobiotechnology for Sustainable Bioenergy and Biofuel Production, 2020
Nisha Singh, Shweta Singh, Motilal Mathesh
The cleavage of cellulose into glucose acts as an entry point for bio-refineries that can be transformed into biofuels later on (Rinaldi and Schüth 2009). The hydrolysis of cellulose has been demonstrated with the use of graphene oxides (GO). GO adsorbs the cellulose by forming hydrogen bonds and causes esterification of the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups present on them. The sulfated group generated was able to carry out hydrolysis to produce glucose. This also resulted in aggregation of GO due to the removal of hydroxyl groups and thus could be easily removed from the reaction mixture (Zhao et al. 2014). A 50% glucose yield was obtained at 150ºC for 24 hours with 58.6% conversion of cellulose. The superior hydrolytic property was attributed to the carboxylic/phenolic groups present on them together with its soft and layered structure. There have also been studies conducted to produce furfural that acts as an important intermediate to synthesize important biofuels like 2-methylfuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, etc. (Dutta et al. 2012). One such example is the one-pot synthesis of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) from carbohydrates that gave yields of 71%, 34% and 66% in conversion of fructose, sucrose and inulin in one pot, respectively (Wang et al. 2013a). The excellent catalytic performance is due to the sulfonic and oxygen functional groups present on GO that have a synergistic effect in the production of biofuels.
Biotransformations in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Published in Pedro Lozano, Sustainable Catalysis in Ionic Liquids, 2018
Vicente Gotor-Fernández, Caroline Emilie Paul
Regarding the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols, the successful esterification of oleic acid and benzoic acid in the presence of CAL-B will be later discussed. Unfortunately, negligible reactivity was found in the reaction between levulinic acid and 5-hydromethylfurfural (HMF) for the production of the fuel additive HMF levulinate in three different eutectic mixtures (Qin et al. 2016), although the use of the biomass-derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as solvent provides an eco-friendly synthetic solution.
Selective aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Ni-based CNT catalysts
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Haihong Xia, Jing Li, Jun Zhao, Minghao Zhou, Jianchun Jiang
With the development of a novel catalysis process for the production of value-added bio-fuels and chemicals utilizing renewable materials instead of the consumption of fossil resources [1–4]. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to prepare bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis of biomass, which was regarded as a promising bio-fuel [5–7]. However, biomass-derived materials contained abundant oxygenated compounds, including ether compounds, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, phenols [8–12] and so on, which resulted in a great challenge to transform bio-oils to high-value fuels. Furfural (FFR) was a typical chemical with numerous oxygenates and was particularly undesirable as fuel components. Through catalytic hydrogenation process, FFR could be converted to furfuryl alcohol (FFA) [13], tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) [14], 2-methylfuran (2-MF) [15], 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) [16], cyclopentanone (CPO) [17] and cyclopentanol (CPL) [18], which exhibited wide industrial application.
A comprehensive review of sustainable approaches for synthetic lubricant components
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Jessica Pichler, Rosa Maria Eder, Charlotte Besser, Lucia Pisarova, Nicole Dörr, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Marcella Frauscher
The amphiphilic nature of cellulose makes it interesting for the use as lubricant or additive, since it is interacting with both polar material surface and a non-polar lubricant. Compared to cellulose, which is a homopolysaccharide only built from glucose monomers, hemicellulose is a heteropolymer of five different saccharides. Cellulose can be a precursor for glucose, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), levulinic acid, or formic acid (32). Hemicellulose is used for the production of furfural (Top 30 biomass-derived compounds (38)), which provides a stock for 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), a potential fuel additive. (40) Cellulose is often used as bio-based lubricant additive, in castor oil or other vegetable oils e.g. as thickener in the form of epoxidized cellulose pulp (ECP) (41), methylcellulose and cellulose pulp, as well as chitin (42), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) in acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) (43), or as friction-reducing and anti-wear additive in the form of fibrillated or crystalline nanocellulose (44). Also, the potential of dielectric constant variation to control friction behavior with different concentrations of nanocellulose particles is studied (45). Others discuss the potential biolubricant base oil production from lignocellulose-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (46), or 2-alkylfurans and ketones (47). Even superlubricity (COF < 0.004) could be achieved with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in water for 0.25–2 wt.% and applied loads of 5–9 N on quartz glass in a rotary micro-tribometer (48).
Oxygenation of copper(I) complexes containing fluorine tagged tripodal tetradentate chelates: significant ligand electronic effects
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Runzi Li, Firoz Shah Tuglak Khan, Marcos Tapia, Shabnam Hematian
All chemicals were of commercially available grade and used without purification, unless noted otherwise. Acetonitrile (MeCN), dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol (MeOH) and diethyl ether were purchased from Fisher Chemical. Deuterated solvents (CDCl3, CD3CN, and THF-d8) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. Commercial ACS grade solvents were used for chromatography and extractions. All solvents were purified by an Innovative Technologies or Inert PureSolv Micro solvent purification system prior to use for the reactions and characterizations. Solvents were then deoxygenated by bubbling with argon for 1 h followed by storage over 3 or 5 Å molecular sieves for at least 72 h prior to use. Deionized water was purified by a PURELAB flex 1 Analytical Ultrapure Water System (ELGA) to obtain nanopure water with a specific resistance of 18.2 MΩ cm at room temperature. Air- and moisture-sensitive compounds were prepared and handled under nitrogen in a Vacuum Atmospheres OMNI-Lab inert atmosphere (<0.5 ppm of O2 and H2O) glovebox, or under a dry, oxygen-free argon atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques. Ultra-high purity grade oxygen gas was purchased from Airgas and passed through a drying column containing Drierite desiccant and 3 Å activated molecular sieves prior to use. For Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments, dry O2 gas was transferred and stored in a capped 50 mL Schlenk flask, then slowly bubbled into the metal complex solutions via a three-way long syringe needle.