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The Other Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Bio-butanol is produced from a number of biomass feedstocks via fermentation. Large variety of biomass types can be used in this process; corn grain, corn stovers, and many other feedstocks. Like in other processes, these are processed into sugars, and the special microbes of the Clostridium acetobutylicum species, are introduced to the sugars, which are then broken down into various alcohols, including butanol.
Biofuel Production
Published in Nitin Kumar Singh, Siddhartha Pandey, Himanshu Sharma, Sunkulp Goel, Green Innovation, Sustainable Development, and Circular Economy, 2020
Prabuddha Gupta, Tejas Oza, Mahendrapalsingh Rajput, Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Gaurav Sanghvi
Biobutanol has greater combustive properties, less emission from the exhaust and great engine compatibility compared to gasoline, diesel or bioethanol. In one of the studies reported by Yilmaz et al., (2014), on the performance of indirect injection engines, by blending different proportions of butanol-biodiesel the blended fuel showed a significant decrease in emission of nitrogen oxides and greenhouse gases. With so much efficiency in future prospects, DuPont and British Petroleum have collaborated in the commercialization of biobutanol production (Kumar and Gayen, 2011). However, there are a few key challenges with biobutanol production. The first challenge is photochemical smog formed during reaction with volatile organics. Butanol has irritant properties to humans, and it is highly flammable in nature. Further, more than 2% in the fermentative process can lead to inhibition of microorganisms used in the production process.
Biological Process for Butanol Production
Published in Jay J. Cheng, Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, 2017
Maurycy Daroch, Jian-Hang Zhu, Fangxiao Yang
Butanol (biobutanol, if derived from biological feedstocks), an aliphatic saturated alcohol, is an industrial commodity, currently produced from petrochemical feedstock, with a worldwide capacity of 350 million gallons (1325 million liters) with an average selling price of $4/gallon ($1.06/L or $1.31/kg) (Green, 2011; Ranjan and Moholkar, 2012). Meanwhile, biobutanol production cost using fermentation can be estimated at $0.80–2.00/kg. The cost mostly depends on the selection of fermentation feedstock (almost 80%) and butanol purification costs (about 14%) in starch to butanol process (Green, 2011). It is higher than current cost of butanol produced through petrochemical routes which is estimated at $1.00–1.50/kg (Jiang et al., 2015). Currently, the primary industrial use of butanol is as a solvent. Although butanol is not currently used as a biofuel, it has many properties that make it very attractive. A comparison of critical fuel parameters of butanol with gasoline and ethanol clearly shows that it indeed represents a better alternative over ethanol (see Table 8.1).
Influence of gas-release strategies on the production of biohydrogen and biobutanol in ABE fermentation
Published in Biofuels, 2022
Ullrich Heinz Stein, M. Abbasi-Hosseini, J. Kain, W. Fuchs, G. Bochmann
Socio-economic development with its search for sustainable production as well as the depletion of fossil fuels increases the need to find substitutes for oil-based products. Acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is considered a promising way to overcome petrochemical-dependent production. Butanol especially can be used in different applications which have been, until now, commonly based on fossil fuels. As biofuel, it provides many advantages compared to ethanol. It has a higher energy content, is totally miscible with gasoline and can be distributed over the existing infrastructure due to its less corrosive behavior and less hygroscopic characteristics.1–3 Moreover, butanol can be used as a chemical building block for the production of lacquers, paints, and surface coatings and as a raw solvent in the manufacturing of textiles and plasticizers.4
Analysis on emission behaviour of butanol–biodiesel blends fuelled constant speed diesel engine
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
T. Raja, M. Sundarraj, M. Karthick
Butanol is employed as a fuel in an internal combustion engine owing to its longer hydrocarbon chain causes it to be fairly non-polar, it is more similar to gasoline than it is to ethanol (Devaraj, Yuvarajan, and Vinoth Kanna 2018; Devarajan and Madhavan 2017). Butanol shall be employed in diesel engine without modification. Butanol is produced from biomass by the Acetone Butanol and Ethanol fermentation process (Vellaiyan, Amirthagadeswaran, and Vijayakumar 2017; Xiao et al. 2017). The process uses the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. The butanol was a by-product of this fermentation (twice as much butanol was produced) (Yang, Wu, and Hsu 2016). The process also creates a recoverable amount of H2 and a number of other by-products: acetic, lactic and propionic acids, isopropanol and ethanol. Table 4 shows the properties of butanol.
Combustion, emission, and phase stability features of a diesel engine fueled by Jatropha/ethanol blends and n-butanol as co-solvent
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Ahmed I. El-Seesy, Hamdy Hassan, Latif Ibraheem, Zhixia He, Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar
Butanol is the highly explored representative of the alcohol group, and it has four-carbon chain structure, the – OH group can connect itself in four unique locations which can be forming in four isomers-1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol (Nanthagopal et al. 2020a; No 2016; Rajesh Kumar and Saravanan 2016). It has less hydrophilic, toxic, and corrosive compared to ethanol and its lower volatile nature, a high flash point which is considered more suitable for CI engines. Moreover, the kinematic viscosity of butanol is pretty near to conventional fuel, which is somewhat fitting for the fuel injection system (Babu and Murthy 2017). Compared to ethanol, butanol proves considerably superior combustion features credited to its higher heating value, lower heat of vaporization befitting it simpler to evaporate within the combustion chamber and belittling the cold start impediments (Babu and Murthy 2017). Butanol could be utilized in several areas such as co-solvent, oxygenated additive, and cleaning agent (Babu and Murthy 2017).