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Unraveling the Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Cold Stress Tolerance in Rice
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Joseph Msanne, Lymperopoulos Panagiotis, Roel C. Rabara, Supratim Basu
bHLH is one of the largest TF families found in plants as well as in animals and fungi, and represents key regulatory components in transcriptional networks controlling several biological processes (Carretero-Paulet et al., 2010). bHLH proteins play crucial roles in cell proliferation, determination, and differentiation in animals, plants, and yeast, like transcription activation activity in yeast and plants. In a genome-wide analysis of the bHLH TF family in rice and Arabidopsis, 167 bHLH genes were identified in the rice genome (Li et al., 2006). Their phylogenetic analysis indicates the formation of well-supported clades, which are defined as subfamilies. Although the study did not reveal any bHLH gene particular to cold tolerance in rice, bioinformatics analysis suggests that rice bHLH proteins can potentially participate in a variety of combinatorial interactions, endowing them with the capacity to regulate a multitude of transcriptional programs. Specific to cold stress, one bHLH-type gene, OsbHLH1, isolated from rice was found to have a putative nuclear-localization signal and a putative DNA-binding domain bHLH-ZIP (Wang et al., 2003). Additionally, OsbHLH1 was reported to have dimerization ability and TF function in a cold signal transduction pathway. In another study, the bHLH protein gene OrbHLH001 isolated from Dongxiang wild rice was characterized and expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. OrbHLH001 expression analyses showed enhance tolerance to freezing as well as salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. A native of China’s Jiangxi Province, Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) is known for its high tolerance to cold stress and to winter temperatures as low as –12.8˚C (Li et al., 2010), making it a valuable germplasm for cold tolerance in rice (Table 8.1).
Atmospheric fine particulate matter and epithelial mesenchymal transition in pulmonary cells: state of the art and critical review of the in vitro studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Margaux Cochard, Frédéric Ledoux, Yann Landkocz
During EMT, changes in the numerous complex and inextricably connected signaling pathways occur (Ijaz et al. 2014; Jung, Fattet, and Yang 2015; Lamouille, Xu, and Derynck 2014; Nowrin et al. 2014; Taparra, Tran, and Zachara 2016; Thiery et al. 2009; Vu, Jin, and Datta 2016), inducing the activation of a large number of transcription factors (Figure 3). Those transcription factors are the zinc finger protein SNAI and ZEB families and the basic helix-loop-helix TWIST family (Brabletz et al. 2018; Lamouille, Xu, and Derynck 2014; Puisieux, Brabletz, and Caramel 2014; Thiery et al. 2009; Yang et al. 2020).
Interactions between cadmium and nutrients and their implications for safe crop production in Cd-contaminated soils
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Ya Xin Zhu, Yao Zhuang, Xiao Hang Sun, Shao Ting Du
In addition to the direct Fe-Cd interactions mediated by various Fe transporters in plants, a comprehensive understanding of the key upstream regulators related to Fe homeostasis is necessary to further explore the role of Fe-Cd interactions in Cd uptake and accumulation. As previously described, the FER-like Fe deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT), a transcription factor that is induced in Fe-deficient root epidermis, could interact with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors bHLH38 and bHLH39 to regulate the absorption of Fe and Cd. The co-overexpression of FIT and AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 could improve Fe homeostasis and decrease Cd concentrations in the shoots of A. thaliana as a result of the enhanced expression of HMA3, MTP3, IRT2, and IREG2, which are all involved in Cd compartmentalization in roots (McInturf et al., 2021). In addition to facilitating Fe homeostasis, bHLH104 also positively regulates Cd tolerance, and the overexpression of bHLH104 increased Cd levels in roots but decreased shoot Cd accumulation in plants by favoring the Fe uptake and Cd sequestration processes (Yao et al., 2018). Our previous studies have also demonstrated that another essential Fe homeostasis negative regulator, BTS (BRUTUS), is involved in the regulation of Cd uptake and tolerance in A. thaliana (Zhu et al., 2020). The BTS knockdown mutant bts-1 showed increased Cd tolerance and accumulation accompanied by improved Fe homeostasis, particularly under Cd stress conditions, when compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, a recent study indicated that overexpression of the novel Fe-positive regulators IRON MANs (IMAs) could also confer Cd tolerance by maintaining high Fe accumulation while increasing Cd absorption and translocation in plants (Meng et al., 2022). Accordingly, modifying the expression of key regulatory factors related to Fe homeostasis should be an efficient method to minimize Cd accumulation in crops.