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Live Imaging of Zebrafish
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Yinan Wan, Philipp J. Keller, Burkhard Höckendorf
High content screening is usually performed with the aim to identify molecular effectors that induce, confound, or mitigate a given measurable phenotype. To this end, biological samples are exposed to large libraries of small molecules likely to be bioactive. As the expected number of hits is low, it is often desirable to screen large substance libraries. Hence, the screening procedure must be designed to be efficient and inexpensive. Zebrafish can routinely produce large quantities of offspring, and their housing is inexpensive compared to other vertebrate models. Furthermore, being vertebrates, zebrafish can adequately recapitulate many biomedically relevant conditions (Lieschke and Currie, 2007). Their small size, rapid ex utero development, and translucent skin enables direct identification and scoring of even subtle phenotypes (Williams and Hong, 2016). For these reasons, zebrafish are a long-standing model for high-throughput toxicity and drug screening.
Polyhydroxybutyrate-Based Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery
Published in Munmaya K. Mishra, Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release, 2019
The analysis of off-target effects of drug-loaded nanoparticles requires systemic analysis, as they often involve the complete organism rather than specific tissue or cell targets. Off-target effects represent a major concern in the development of new drug candidates and require animal toxicity testing. The most reliable, fastest, and cheapest assay is based on the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. The zebrafish is an appropriate model system, used in developmental biology and the pharmaceutical sciences, including toxicology, for evaluating material toxicity (Teraoka et al. 2003). The zebrafish embryo has a transparent body, which makes it easy to collect data, and there is a close similarity of genetic characters between zebrafish and mammals in the early stages of development (Arora et al. 2012) The hatching rate of PHB nanoparticle–treated embryos was studied over 96 h post fertilization. The hatching rate was increased to 85% with a low concentration of nanoparticles. The optimum concentration of nanoparticles shows no significant impact on the hatching and mortality rate of zebrafish embryos. No significant changes were observed in the morphology of embryos; thus, PHB nanoparticles did not produce any major toxicity in the development of zebrafish.
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Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Alaaldin M. Alkilany, Catherine J. Murphy
While most of the in vivo studies have been performed using land animal models (mice, rats, and pigs), Bar-Ilan et al. (2009) used zebrafish embryo screening methods to assess the toxicity of both gold and silver nanoparticles of different sizes (3, 10, 50, and 100 nm). Zebrafish is an excellent in vivo model which has been used to assess environmental toxicity due its high degree of homology to the human genome and its very similar physiological responses to xenosubstances as mammals (Parng 2005; Fako and Furgeson 2009). Interestingly, they found that gold nanoparticles were not toxic to zebrafish but the silver nanoparticles with comparable size were highly toxic (inducing 100% death after 120 h post-fertilization) (Bar-Ilan et al. 2009).
Assessment of oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis and histopathological alterations on zebrafish exposed with green silver nanoparticle
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2022
Mine Kokturk, Serkan Yıldırım, Muhammed Atamanalp, Mehmet Harbi Calimli, Mehmet Salih Nas, Ismail Bolat, Gunes Ozhan, Gonca Alak
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a famous vertebrate model in various biological disciplines. As a model organism with high genetic and physiological homology to humans, zebrafish is widely used in toxicological research and provides a solid basis for risk assessment of toxic substances. Thus, in many ways, the application of this model in toxicological studies will allow researchers to deal with the many challenges presented using other animal models, including sample size, inappropriate use, and higher monetary and time costs [12]. Zebrafish eggs are externally developed, it makes them easy to manipulate and suitable for high-yield applications. This is further augmented by the emerging zebrafish optical transparency, which allows for elegant visual analysis, including fluorescence and other markers. The growing of zebrafish is also incredibly fast, the basic zebrafish plan is well established by 24 h post fertilisation (hpf), embryogenesis is complete by 72 hpf, and most organs are fully developed by 96 hpf and reach adulthood in about 3 months. This makes them suitable for a wide variety of toxicological applications throughout their lifetime [13]. In recent years, Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an in vivo model organism has attracted much attention due to its unique properties, including high fertility, embryo transparency, rapid and well-characterised development, low cost, gene manipulation accessibility, short production time. Zebrafish embryo toxicity testing has become an important method for ecotoxicology research [14].
Zebrafish irritant responses to wildland fire-related biomass smoke are influenced by fuel type, combustion phase, and byproduct chemistry
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
W. Kyle Martin, S Padilla, YH Kim, DL Hunter, MD Hays, DM DeMarini, MS Hazari, MI Gilmour, AK Farraj
Wild-type adult zebrafish (Danio rerio; undefined, outbred stock originally obtained from Aquatic Research Organisms, Hampton, NH, 03842 and EkkWill Waterlife Resources Ruskin, FL 33575) were housed in an Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care-approved animal facility with a 14:10 hr light:dark cycle (lights on at 08:30 hr). It was previously determined that behavioral responses in an outbred line of fish are similar to those in the AB line of fish (unpublished data). Adult fish (males and females housed together, about 8/L) were kept in one of several 9-L colony tanks (Aquaneering Inc., San Diego, CA) with a water temperature of 28°C. For group spawning, all adults from two different home tanks (80–100 total fish) were placed in 15 L static tanks set up about 3:00 p.m., with embryos collected the next morning between 8:30 and 9:00 am about 30–60 min after the light came on. All embryos were gathered from the breeder tank and placed in a 26°C water bath and washed twice (Westerfield 2007) with 0.06% bleach (v/v) in 10% HBSS for 5 min. All studies were carried out in accordance with the guidelines of, and approved by, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the U.S. EPA’s Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment.
Experimental models of chemically induced Parkinson’s disease in zebrafish at the embryonic larval stage: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Paola Briñez-Gallego, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Ana Paula Horn, Mariana Appel Hort
Zebrafish embryo and larval stages have been increasingly used to study human diseases due to their important experimental advantages, such as small sizes, large numbers of progeny, optical transparency, rapid growth, and drug sensitivity (Cassar et al. 2020; Choi et al. 2021). In addition, (1) embryos and larval stages of development have low costs to maintain, (2) the genome is completely sequenced, (3) there is less required amount of drugs or compounds to test, (4) hundreds of embryos are reproduced per mating, and (5) embryos and larval stages present similarities with adults and other vertebrates in the main behaviors used as outcomes of interest in neuropharmacology and neuroscience testing (Bauer, Mally, and Liedtke 2021; Hsu et al. 2007; Kalueff, Stewart, and Gerlai 2014).