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Gene Therapy in Oral Tissue Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Fernando Suaste, Patricia González-Alva, Alejandro Luis, Osmar Alejandro
The complications include acute toxicity, xerostomia (dry mouth), dysphagia (difficulty to swallow), erythema, transitory loss of taste, increased dental caries and other oral infections, local pain and discomfort. Consequently, a significant decline occurs in the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients (Huber et al. 2001; Khurshid et al. 2016).
Radioprotective effect of melatonin against flattening filter-free irradiation-induced rat parotid gland damage
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2021
Serhat Aras, Ihsan Oguz Tanzer, Seyhan Karacavus, Neslihan Sayir, Esra Erdem, Fatih Hacimustafaoglu, Ceren Ezgi Erdogan, Tansel Sapmaz, Turkan Ikizceli, Halime Hanim Pence, Kursad Nuri Baydili, Tolga Katmer
When using high-energy ionizing radiation in head and neck radiotherapy, undesirable effects, such as xerostomia and parotid gland dysfunction, might occur directly affecting the quality of life of patients (22). Although radiotherapy is an important treatment method in the head and neck region, certain side effects due to radiation occur causing impairments in organ function and affecting patient well-being. One important side effect is the production of ROS such as the hydroxyl radical, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These interact with DNA, causing cellular dysfunction and cell death. Furthermore, ROS causes cell membrane lipid peroxidation resulting in cell damage or cell death. Under high-dose radiation, significant changes occur in parotid glands leading to salivary gland dysfunction complications, such as xerostomia, swallowing and speaking difficulty, and taste changes, affect the quality of life of patients (23).
Does garlic ameliorates histological alterations of induced mucositis in Albino rats subjected to gamma radiation?
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2020
Reham M. Amin, Randa H. Mokhtar, Nabil A. El-Faramawy
In the oral and paraoral regions, this iatrogenic injury may take the form of xerostomia secondary to salivary gland injury, osteoradionecrosis secondary to bone injury and growth disturbances associated with injury of the cartilage at condylar growth center (4, 5). After irradiation, damage to oral mucosa and salivary glands dysfunction occurs resulting to mucositis and salivary dysfunction (6). The literature about the effects of ionizing radiation on dental structure is still controversial. The effects of different doses of gamma radiation on hard dental tissues of Albino rats were investigated after 48 h (7). El-Faramawy et al. (7) showed that the areas of acid phosphatase activity were detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stains, disturbance in predentin thickness and odontoblastic layer as the irradiation dose increased using light microscopy examination of histological and ground sections. In cementum, widened cementocytes lacunae were occasionally detected even with low irradiated doses. Concerning the enamel, darkened areas in enamel surface at low doses were also detected.
Extracting moving boundaries from dynamic, multislice CT images for fluid simulation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
Andrew Kenneth Ho, Yoko Inamoto, Eiichi Saitoh, Sheldon Green, Sidney Fels
Recent advances in dynamic multislice CT now allow for 3D and time imaging of dynamic phenomena such as swallowing. The current state of the art uses a 320-row area detector CT (320-ADCT) to capture dynamic 3D images (Inamoto et al. 2011). The amount of detail in these images is stunning, and allows us to study dynamic oropharyngeal swallowing in 3D. A fluid simulation of the liquid bolus in the oropharynx would allow us to study physical phenomena related to swallowing, such as xerostomia (dry-mouth), and how it affects bolus flow. There is currently little work done in 4D segmentation of moving structures, except perhaps the beating heart (e.g. McInerney & Terzopoulos 1995; Montagnat & Delingette 2005), and brain MR images (e.g. Kuklisova-Murgasova et al. 2011). This paper describes a workflow and tools for extracting moving boundaries for swallowing from 4D data.