China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nanotechnology-Mediated Strategy for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Nanotechnology, 2020
Pankaj Prashar, Ankita Sood, Anamika Gautam, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Bimlesh Kumar, Indu Melkani, Sakshi Panchal, Sachin Kumar Singh, Monica Gulati, Narendra Kumar Pandey, Linu Dash, Anupriya, Varimadugu Bhanukirankumar Reddy
β-catenin is a cadherin protein complex subunit located at synaptic associations and is related with the development of synapse and neuronal network assembly (Resham et al. 2020). Wnts glycoprotein acts in several aspects of CNS growth (neural inductions, cell proliferations, synaptogenesis axon instructions, neuronal migrations, and dendritic arborization). For a normal axon guidance and neural differentiation, Ryk,a receptor of tyrosine kinase binds to Wnt for modulating its function (Z. Peng, Zha, et al. 2019; Resham and Sharma 2019). Menin (MEN I), is a tumor-suppressing gene located within the nucleus and essential for the creation of synapse among neurons. Menin also plays an important role in signaling Wnt/β-catenin through histone methylation of downstream target gene promoters. The Wnt/β-catenin route, a traditional Wnt signaling pathway, plays an important role in the formation of neurons, axon guidance, NP relief, and neuronal survival. The receptors of β-catenin, Wnt/Ryk, and Wnt/β-catenin are regarded as clinical targets for the management of NP(Zhang et al. 2013; Miranpuri et al. 2016).
The therapeutic role of the components of Aloe vera in activating the factors that induce osteoarthritic joint remodeling
Published in Badal Jageshwar Prasad Dewangan, Maheshkumar Narsingrao Yenkie, Novel Applications in Polymers and Waste Management, 2018
Abhipriya Chatterjee, Patit Paban Kundu
Wnt-signaling pathway has been identified as a key regulator in bone, cartilage, and joint development and maintaining homeostasis. It has been studied that at late embryonic and post natal development, the level of βcatenin synthesized by chondrocytes stimulated bone formation.81, 82
Benzo[a]pyrene osteotoxicity and the regulatory roles of genetic and epigenetic factors: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Jiezhang Mo, Doris Wai-Ting Au, Jiahua Guo, Christoph Winkler, Richard Yuen-Chong Kong, Frauke Seemann
MiRNAs serve important roles in regulating cell fate commitment, proliferation, differentiation, maturation and survival/apoptosis of OBs (Figure 5, Table S6). The downregulation of miR-29a inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by upregulating the inhibitors Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1), Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), and Kremen protein 2 (Kremen2), thereby inhibiting osteogenesis (Kapinas et al., 2010), while miR-206 suppresses OB viability by reducing connexin 43 expression (Inose et al., 2009). MiR-182 inhibits OB proliferation and differentiation by suppressing forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) expression (Teixeira et al., 2010). MiR-133 and miR-3077-5p inhibit OB differentiation by targeting RUNX2 mRNAs (Liao et al., 2013). MiR-2861 and miR-196a upregulate RUNX2 by targeting histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and homeobox C8 (HOXC8) (Bmp/Smad signaling) (Kim et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009). Additionally, miR-31, miR-93, miR-143, miR-145, miR-214, and miR-637 downregulate OSX expression and inhibit the differentiation of POBs to MOBs, and the activity of MOBs (such as mineralization) (Baglìo et al., 2013; Jia et al., 2013; Li et al., 2014; Shi et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2011). MiR-214 inhibits bone formation and homeostasis by targeting the mRNA of ATF4 (Wang, Guo, et al., 2013).
Atmospheric fine particulate matter and epithelial mesenchymal transition in pulmonary cells: state of the art and critical review of the in vitro studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Margaux Cochard, Frédéric Ledoux, Yann Landkocz
As previously noted, the number of papers dealing with EMT induced by PM2.5 in pulmonary cells in vitro is limited. In addition, the available studies were conducted on various cell types, each one having specific biological responses. Whether cells originate from a primary source or are immortalized either by cancer origin or by virus modification, the results may be affected. Compound metabolism, gene expression, or organelles presence might vary in a primary and an immortalized cell with a similar tissue and organ origin (Freshney 2015). Some of the available investigations may be questioned due to the adopted methodology which might introduce bias. In fact, Huang et al. (2017), Luo et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2019) do not respect the recommendations given by the American Type Culture Collection for cell culture. Zhao and Klimecki (2015) demonstrated that the sole presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture medium induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells with morphological changes in the cells, a loss of E-cadherin, important changes in gene expression including in the Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, addition of FBS enhanced BEAS-2B sensitivity to arsenite with nearly a fivefold difference in arsenite IC50 values. Nonetheless, in all of the PM2.5 induced EMT studies performed with BEAS-2B cells, FBS was added in the culture media (Table 2) which might invalidate conclusions regarding EMT induction by PM2.5 exposure (Chi et al. 2018; Heßelbach et al. 2017; Huang et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2019; Xu et al. 2019b, 2019c).
Methanolic extract of Teucrium persicum up-regulates and induces the membrane restoration of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Majid Tafrihi, Anahita Naeimi, Fatemeh Eizadifard
The E-cadherin protein is the major transmembrane protein of adherens junction that interacts with cytoplasmic proteins including β-catenin protein via its highly conserved intracellular domain. Therefore, the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex plays a significant role in the maintenance of epithelial tissue architecture and cell polarity (Niessen et al. 2011). By and large, it is agreed that the disruption of this protein complex at the cell boundaries affects the epithelial integrity, cell polarity, cell migration, and Wnt signaling pathway (Tian et al. 2011).