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Soft Computing Techniques for Boolean Function and Reliability-Based Approach of Blood Bank Supply Chain Management with Distribution Center Using Vector-Evaluated Genetic Algorithm
Published in Rohit Sharma, Rajendra Prasad Mahapatra, Korhan Cengiz, Data Security in Internet of Things Based RFID and WSN Systems Applications, 2020
Ajay Singh Yadav, Anupam Swami, Navin Ahlawat, Dhowmya Bhatt, Tripti Pandey
A blood bank is an institution that “collects,” “tests,” “processes,” and “stores the blood” and its mechanism for future use. The blood bank's main functions are to make arrangement and demonstrate the collection of blood and its system. The main goals of a blood bank are to ensure that there is sufficient blood for patients required for blood transfer and to make sure the waste of blood products is minimized. The blood supply to a particular blood bank comes from expeditions and blood camps. “Donors who come to the bank and donate blood are other sources of supply.” Many large blood banks collect their blood from blood banks' shares and donations. Blood is collected and stored in plastic bags that contain anticoagulant solutions. “Blood is collected by donation and stored in plastic bags, often called whole blood (WB).”
Enzyme Catalysis
Published in Harvey W. Blanch, Douglas S. Clark, Biochemical Engineering, 1997
Harvey W. Blanch, Douglas S. Clark
Blood proteins have long been commercially available, and have typically been obtained by fractionation of donated whole blood. Recombinant DNA techniques have opened opportunities to produce materials that are virus-free and thus avoid possible contamination from infectious agents. Whole blood is a source of red blood cells, platelets, clotting factors, immunoglobulins and other plasma components. Plasma protein fractions, produced by fractionation of blood serum or plasma, are used to expand blood volume in cases of internal bleeding, dehydration or shock. Some of the proteins in plasma are part of the blood clotting process and can be separated further into blood clotting factors, designated as Factors I through XIII. Except for Factor IV ( Ca2+ ions), all are proteinaceous, and many exhibit proteolytic activity. There are two coagulation pathways (extrinsic and intrinsic) that involve these factors. Poor coagulation may be a result of a genetic deficiency in these factors. Over 90% of such defects are a result of a deficiency in Factor VIII. Production of this factor in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells may provide alternative routes to correctly-glycosylated Factor VIII product, avoiding manufacture from whole blood.
Development and Application of Phase Change Materials in the Biomedical Industry
Published in Atul Sharma, Amritanshu Shukla, Renu Singh, Low Carbon Energy Supply Technologies and Systems, 2020
Abhishek Anand, Amritanshu Shukla, Atul Sharma
Whole blood cells contain red blood cells (RBCs) (45%), white blood cells (WBCs) (~1%), plasma (55%), and platelets. The RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the whole remains suspended in plasma. The whole blood is stored at the temperature of around + 4°C ± 2°C immediately after collection. It can also be stored at a temperature of + 22°C ± 2°C after collection, which is essential for the production of the platelet concentrates. After that, blood needs to be stored at a temperature of + 4°C ± 2°C. The whole blood has a shelf life of about 21–35 days subject to the type of anticoagulant used.
Recent advances in micro-sized oxygen carriers inspired by red blood cells
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Qiming Zhang, Natsuko F. Inagaki, Taichi Ito
Whole blood works as the medium for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the human body. It mainly contains a plasma medium, WBCs, RBCs, and platelets [29]. RBCs comprise 40% of the blood and serve as the major oxygen-carrying vehicles. They are naturally engineered to circulate from the arterial vessels (up to ~100 µm) to the peripheral capillary vessels (down to ~5 µm) for approximately 120 days [30]. A healthy RBC has a unique interchangeable morphology and core-shell (Hb-cell membrane) structure as shown in Figure 1, providing it with an excellent deformability and oxygen capacity to meet the oxygen demands of each tissue and cell. Those properties are utilized by RBCs as efficient cell vehicles. Therefore, comprehension of the mechanisms and constitution of RBCs can help in the design and optimization of micro-sized AOCs.
Delivering blood components through drones: a lean approach to the blood supply chain
Published in Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 2022
Paula Mora, Claudia Affonso Silva Araujo
The fact that blood and blood components are perishable imposes challenges to the BSC, and improving its efficiency deserves further attention from researchers, especially focusing on the material flow in the transfusion process (Cagliano, Grimaldi, and Rafele 2021). Each element has its own need for temperature control and different shelf lives. More than a hundred products and sub-products can derive from whole blood, but the main are red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate (Osorio, Brailsford, and Smith 2015). Regarding blood distribution, most hospitals order an amount of blood based on the experience of staff and historical patterns, and blood banks tend to deliver daily blood products as they are ordered on the previous day (Stanger et al. 2012). All these characteristics represent challenges for blood distribution, especially over long distances, and tropical countries like Brazil.