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Toxic and Asphyxiating Hazards in Confined Spaces
Published in Neil McManus, Safety and Health in Confined Spaces, 2018
The following secondary parameters are derived from manipulation of these quantities. Functional residual capacity is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at resting expiratory level (FRC = ERV + RV).Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by forceful effort following maximum inspiration (VC = ERV + TV + IRV).Inspiratory capacity is the volume of air inhaled during a forced voluntary inhalation to inflate the lungs to their maximum extent. This quantity represents the maximum volume of air that the subject can inhale. The starting point of this inspiration is the end of normal resting expiration (IC = TV + IRV).Total lung capacity is the estimated volume of air contained in the lung at maximum inflation. Maximum inflation occurs at the end point of maximum forced inspiration, a voluntary action. Total lung capacity cannot be measured directly (TLC = RV + ERV + TV + IRV).
Chapter 17 Respiratory Function
Published in B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford, D R Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The lungs are not emptied completely each time air is exhaled, indeed when a person is resting only about 0.5 l of air may be exhaled and 4 l stay in the lungs. The air which is actually exhaled and then replaced is called the tidal air and its volume the ‘tidal volume’. By taking a very deep breath the tidal volume can be increased, but some of the 4 l will still remain: this volume is called the ‘residual volume’. This residual volume is composed of the air in the mouth and trachea as well as that which remains in the lungs. Yet another term which is used is the ‘vital capacity’, which is the maximum volume of air which can be expired following the deepest possible breath. The measured values of these parameters are a little arbitrary, of course, as they depend upon the effort made by the patient.
Comparative assessment of respiratory and other occupational health effects among elementary workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Almas Hamid, Wajeeha Saleem, Ghazala Yaqub, Moin ud din Ghauri
For the general health assessment of workers, a questionnaire was designed including closed-ended and multiple-choice questions. The questionnaire was a modified form of a standard pre-tested questionnaire [17] and included three major sections. The first section related to personal information of workers (age, marital status, education, duty hours, economic conditions, length of service [LOS] and smoking habits). The second section comprised questions about occupational symptoms and work-related illnesses, accidents, infections, diseases and other musculoskeletal problems experienced by workers. The last section collected data about provision and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). A portable computerized spirometer (Spirostik; Geratherm Respiratory, Germany) was used to assess the lung function of respondents by measuring the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the ratio FEV1/FVC. The standard measurement method [18,19] was explained in detail to each worker before commencement of the test.
Apparent resistance to fall in forced vital capacity in children with increasing mass level of fine particulate: A physiological phenomenon
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Susheel K. Mittal, Sachin Gupta, Ravinder Agarwal
The most important parameter of respiratory health measurement is forced vital capacity (FVC). The FVC values of all subjects in the age group 11–12 years were monitored over a period of three years covering at least three wheat crop seasons and three rice crop seasons. With the ongoing practice of crop residue burning after each harvesting season, there has not been any improvement in the respiratory health of subjects. As aforesaid, a sharp rise in levels of fine particulate matter has been observed and its impact on the respiratory health is clearly visible. For the first time, the damage in the respiratory health of children is being correlated with the BMI of children. Very interesting observations have been noticed and are quantized below in Figures 4–6.
Vital Capacity Measurement using Intensity Modulated Optical Fiber Sensor
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2020
Unni A. M., Eby Mathew, A. K. Sooraj Viswam, Sanooja P. A.
The vital capacity is the maximum volume of air exhaled with forced effort after a maximum inhalation. Forced vital capacity (FVC) is a widely used to evaluate pulmonary function and disease status in patients(Miller et al. 2005a; 2005b; Rahn, Fenn, and Otis 1949). The continuous monitoring of FVC helps to analyse the recovery of patients from the diseases like idiopathic