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Characterization of obstructive lung diseases from the respiration signal
Published in Debatosh Guha, Badal Chakraborty, Himadri Sekhar Dutta, Computer, Communication and Electrical Technology, 2017
S. Sarkar, S. Pal, S. Bhattacherjee, P. Bhattacharyya
Among all the techniques available for COPD and asthma detection, spirometry is the most widely used pulmonary function test in the diagnosis of airway obstruction and routine follow-up of pulmonary diseases (Finkelstein, Cha, & Scharf, 2007; Vandevoorde, Verbanck, Schuermans, Kartounian, & Vincken, 2005). In this disease, airway constriction occurs during expiration, and it is defined by a decreased forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) (Ferguson, Enright, Buist, & Higgins, 2000; Sahin, Ubeyli, Ilbay, Sahin, & Yasar, 2010). But apart from its vast use, it often performs poorly because of its high patient-effort dependency, which makes the test uncomfortable for most of the patients. Spirometry is also unsuitable for non-ambulatory and ICU patients and very young or old patients. The dependence on patient effort for spirometric measurement leads the result to be a function of some non-measurable parameters, which must be eliminated for the standardization of the detection of respiratory diseases. Apart from this, methods like lung imaging technique by Milne and King (2014), volatile organic compound analysis from exhaled breath by Berkel et al. (2009), CO2 concentration analysis using capnography (Mieloszyk et al., 2014), exhaled breath analysis using an electronic nose (Velasquez, Duran, Gualdron, Rodriguez, & Manjarres, 2009; Valera, Togores, & Cosio, 2012), and a nasal obstruction measurement technique (Manjunatha, Mahapatra, Prakash, & Rajanna, 2015) have also been developed. But these methods are costly and time-consuming, and most of them are still in the development stage in research laboratories.
Occupational Health Hazards of Nanoparticles
Published in Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, Gustavo Marques da Costa, Environmental, Ethical, and Economical Issues of Nanotechnology, 2022
Sandra Magali Heberle, Michele dos Santos, Gomes da Rosab
There are three basic standards to be recognized in spirometry: Normal— FEV1 and FVC above 80% of predicted; FEV1/FVC ratio above 0.7. Obstructive––any process that interferes with the airflow of the lungs can be considered as obstruction in the airways: FEV1 below 80% of the predicted; FVC may be normal or reduced, usually to a degree lower than FEV1; FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.7. Restrictive–there is a reduction in total lung capacity: FEV1 and FVC below 80% of predicted; normal FEV1/FVC ratio or above 0.7.
Short-term effects of air pollutant exposure on small airway dysfunction, spirometry, health-related quality of life, and inflammatory biomarkers in wildland firefighters: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Chaicharn Pothirat, Warawut Chaiwong, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Nittaya Phetsuk, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Woranoot Choomuang
Spirometry is a medical screening test that measures various aspects of the respiratory system and lung function (Miller et al. 2005). Evidence suggests that there are many indications for use of spirometry including assessment of effects of occupational or environmental exposure (Rice et al. 2016). Pothirat et al found that exposure to outdoor particulate matter with particles less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) during a seasonal smog period resulted in a short-term negative impact on lung function in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Pothirat et al. 2019). Another study in simulated wildland firefighter exposures has shown that there were some reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) (Ferguson et al. 2017). However, other studies showed that metropolitan firefighters have better lung health compared to the general population (Schermer et al. 2010, 2013). Moreover, another study reported that across shift changes in lung function on burn days were not different from those on non-burn days at the levels of wood smoke exposure experienced by the wildland firefighters (Adetona et al. 2011). The results of the exposure to air pollution on lung function are controversial.
World Trade Center Health Program best practices for diagnosing and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
James E. Cone, Rafael E. de la Hoz
The diagnosis of COPD requires the presence of symptoms and fixed obstruction, and exclusion of other diagnoses (eg asthma). In adults, separating asthma from COPD can sometimes be difficult, especially in suspected mild COPD (ie post-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted). A complete evaluation thus includes (1) assessment of history, risk factors, and symptoms, including their intensity and the history of exacerbations; and (2) spirometric diagnosis of fixed obstruction, defined as a post-bronchodilator first-second forced expiratory volume less than 70% of the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC < 0.7), preferably on at least two different occasions, ideally after treatment implementation, and always based on good quality spirometry with bronchodilator testing.13 Additional functional and imaging evaluation is often recommended for further characterization, differential diagnosis, and/or assessment and/or exclusion of comorbidities.
Changes in lung function and respiratory symptoms during pesticide spraying season among male sprayers
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2020
Ratana Sapbamrer, Sakesun Thongtip, Supakit Khacha-ananda, Nalin Sittitoon, Klintean Wunnapuk
Spirometry is one of the most lung function tests and used to diagnose lung conditions and respiratory symptoms. Most previous cross-sectional studies have compared lung function test and respiratory symptoms between exposed populations (farmers, farmworkers, and sprayers) and un-exposed populations. Most studies found that the spirometry parameters in the exposed populations were lower than the un-exposed populations, and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the exposed populations was higher than the un-exposed populations.5–9 In contrast, some studies found no differences of spirometry parameters and respiratory symptoms between these populations.10–12 Therefore, the available cross-sectional studies were inconsistent and inconclusive. In addition, only a few studies were follow-up or cohort studies, investigating the lung function before and after a pesticide application season.13–16 A study by Sham'a et al.15 suggested that the reduction of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was more distinct during high-exposure to pesticide period, compared with low-exposure to pesticide period. The study by Pathak et al.14 also reported a decreased FEV1 among sprayers after a spraying season of four months. Similarly, a study by Buralli et al.16 reported significant associations of forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 with years of rural works, and FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25-75%) with a frequency of pesticide application.