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Characterization of obstructive lung diseases from the respiration signal
Published in Debatosh Guha, Badal Chakraborty, Himadri Sekhar Dutta, Computer, Communication and Electrical Technology, 2017
S. Sarkar, S. Pal, S. Bhattacherjee, P. Bhattacharyya
Obstructive Lung Disease (OLD) is a type of respiratory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and airway inflammation (Antoniu, 2010). Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are two major obstructive lung diseases triggered by exposure to smoking, indoor and outdoor pollution, allergens, etc. (Antoniu, 2010; Buist, 2003). OLD is becoming a major cause of illness with its increasing morbidity and mortality rate worldwide (Lazovic, Zlatkovic, Mazic, Stajic, & Delic, 2013; Renwick & Conolly, 1996). It often remains untreated until it becomes severe, causing a significant burden to society (Lazovic et al., 2013). OLD also results in an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (van Schayck et al., 2003; Siegler, 1977). For these reasons, the necessity of developing a non-obstructive and non-invasive technique for early detection and diagnosis of this disease has witnessed a rapid surge of interest in recent years.
Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography: Technologies and Applications
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Dawei Li, Hyeon-Cheol Park, Wu Yuan, Xinwen Yao, Xingde Li
Obstructive lung disease (OLD) includes asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It affects more than 50 million Americans and leads to more than $60 billion in healthcare costs per year. Changes in airway structure and function of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) lead to severe airway narrowing and asthma attacks. By leveraging the intrinsic birefringence properties of ASM, orientation resolved OCT (OR-OCT) has been demonstrated to provide extra contrast to differentiate ASM from surrounding tissues in airways with a lumen diameter of 2–7 mm, as shown in Figure 4.6A and B (Thiboutot et al., 2018).
Assessment of heavy metal in the water, sediment, and two edible fish species of Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration, India with special emphasis on human health risk
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018
Preeti Kumari, Abhiroop Chowdhury, Subodh Kumar Maiti
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous semimetal that has a high potential to be accumulated in the body of organisms from low ambient concentration. Arsenic in drinking water is found associated with chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, and respiratory infection especially in children (Parvez et al. 2016). Arsenic exposure during pregnancy is known to cause lower birth weight mainly through decreasing gestational age and to a lesser extent by lower maternal weight gain (Kile et al. 2016). The maximum As concentration was found in S9 (12.06 µg/l) which is a lentic ecosystem and is directly related to fluctuations in metal concentration in the Subarnarekha river, as it receives water directly from the river. The highest concentration in S9 may be due to the anthropogenic activities as the place is a visiting place and located near the Tata Zoological Park. The lowest As concentration was observed in S12 (0.72 µg/l). However, the concentration observed in all the 18 sites (except in S9) was found below the limit prescribed by EPR (1986) and WHO (2006).
Robust logistic regression tree for subgroup identification in healthcare outcome modeling
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2020
COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the world (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, 2019). The dataset was collected during 2009–2012 and contains records for 420 patients (Sonstein et al., 2014). The outcome measure is the readmission of a patient within 30 days after discharge, and 36 covariates are available, including patient baseline characteristics (e.g. demographics, comorbidities, and habitual behaviors), treatment variables (e.g. steroid usage, antibiotics), blood test results (e.g. hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width), and history of health service utilization (e.g. the number of emergency room visits and hospitalizations).
Comparison of mechanical cardiopulmonary support strategies during lung transplantation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Noah Weingarten, Dean Schraufnagel, Gilman Plitt, Anthony Zaki, Kamal S. Ayyat, Haytham Elgharably
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction is a likely immune-mediated attack on lung grafts that may be diagnosed with characteristic histopathology and/or findings on pulmonary function tests. It has two phenotypes: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome [75]. BOS is an obstructive lung disease associated with decreased forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and obliterative bronchiolitis on histopathology, likely resulting from chronic rejection [76]. Restrictive allograft syndrome is associated with pulmonary function test findings of restrictive lung disease and histopathologic findings of pleuroparenchymal fibro-elastosis [76].