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Basic Construction of Safety Helmets and Eye and Face Protectors
Published in Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Head, Eye, and Face Personal Protective Equipment, 2020
The inability to see properly can lead to exclusion from social and, above all, professional life. According to a report published in 2016 by the Institute for Health Protection [Mariotti 2012; Raciborski 2016], the most common causes of vision disorders in the world include refractive errors (42%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). The dominating causes behind blindness are cataracts (51%), followed by glaucoma (8%) and macular degeneration, called AMD – age-related maculardegeneration (5%). Eye disorders escalate with age and are an inseparable result of an ageing body [AAO 2013]. Both in Poland and across the globe, the number of people with eye disorders (cataracts, glaucoma, AMD, retinal complications in diabetes, embolisms and thrombi in retinal vessels) is growing rapidly. For example, AMD primarily affects people who are aged above 50, and it is a main cause of eye disability in the industrial world and the third leading cause worldwide [Wong 2014]. According to published data [Pennington 2016], about 11 million people are affected by AMD in the United States alone. Because ageing is the biggest risk factor, it is expected that the number of people affected by AMD in the USA will grow to 22 million by 2050.
Relationships between certain individual characteristics and occupational accidents
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Mohammad Javad Jafari, Abdullah Barkhordari, Davood Eskandari, Yadollah Mehrabi
We conducted this study in 2016 on 450 frontline workers of the Arya Sasol Petrochemical Company in Bushehr, Iran, and applied a stratified random sampling technique to select the participants. Of the 450 participants, 404 (89%) completed and returned the standardized questionnaire, in which we asked the participants for personal data, including their birth date, height, weight, work experience (years in present job), education (no formal education/formal education), vocational safety training, smoking habit (non-smoker/smoker), regular intake of sedatives pills (yes, no), regular physical activities, vision disorders, hearing disorders and sleep disorders (defined as being <6 h sleep/day and/or not sleeping well and/or regular intake of sleep-inducing drugs). In the overall distribution of BMI, we defined workers with BMI between 30.0 and 39.9 (obesity categories I and II) as obese. We defined vision disorders as eye problems that may require treatment beyond prescription lenses, such as amblyopia, strabismus, color deficiency, nyctalopia and photophobia. We defined occupational injury as bodily damage resulting from work activity, whatever its consequence, which resulted from an accident at work and required sick leave of at least 1 day. To ensure an adequate number of occupational injuries, we covered a 2-year work period.