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Age-Related Physiological Changes Influencing Work Ability
Published in Joanna Bugajska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Tomasz Kostka, Individual and Occupational Determinants, 2020
Several diseases that alter vision, more frequently experienced in advanced age include the following: Cataract: opacification of (normally clear) lens which can be either unilateral or bilateral.Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): central vision loss due to accumulation of deposits in the macula. There are two types of macular degeneration, namely the dry type and the wet type. It becomes the most common cause of blindness in advanced age.Glaucoma: amplification of intraocular pressure that may cause atrophy of the optic nerve.Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy: damage of the retina due to a long-term and poorly controlled diabetes or hypertension.
Vision
Published in Anne McLaughlin, Richard Pak, Designing Displays for Older Adults, 2020
Macular degeneration need not be age related, but it is more common in older adults. Those with macular degeneration lose sight in the fovea, the portion of the retina responsible for fine detail and the center of the visual field. It is the leading cause of vision loss and is currently incurable. Causes are not known, but risk factors include smoking and Caucasian heredity. Macular degeneration makes reading or display use difficult because these tasks tend to occur in the central focal area (Figure 2.7). However, the receptors in the periphery are intact, meaning that people with macular degeneration can see peripheral information and respond well to motion (remember that the periphery contains more rods [detecting light and motion] than cones [detecting fine detail and colors]). Design for macular degeneration is not yet common, but certainly possible given fluid display design (Figure 2.8).
Accurate Unsupervised 3D Segmentation of Blood Vessels Using Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Ahmed Shalaby, Ali Mahmoud, Samineh Mesbah, Maryam El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Ayman El-Baz
Another application for this work could be the detection of retinal abnormalities. The majority of ophthalmologists depend on a visual interpretation for the identification of disease types. However, inaccurate diagnosis will affect the treatment procedure, which may lead to fatal results. Hence, there is a crucial need for computer automated diagnosis systems that yield highly accurate results. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a powerful modality for the noninvasive diagnosis of various retinal abnormalities such as glaucoma, diabetic macular edema, and macular degeneration. The problem with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is that the patient is not aware of the disease until the changes in the retina have progressed to a level that treatment tends to be less effective. Therefore, automated early detection could limit the severity of the disease and assist ophthalmologists in investigating and treating it more efficiently [83], [84].
An Empirical Comparison between the Effects of Normal and Low Vision on Kinematics of a Mouse-Mediated Pointing Movement
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Yuenkeen Cheong, Chen Ling, Randa Shehab
There are numerous causes of low vision. In many cases, it is pathological. Low vision is often caused by conditions, such as macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (Kraut, 2000). These conditions can result in a host of vision problems. Macular degeneration is a condition caused by deterioration of the central part of the retina that is responsible for visual acuity in central visual field. Cataracts are caused by clouding of the lens. Common cataracts-related conditions include blurred and hazy vision in highly illuminated environments. Glaucoma is caused by pressure buildup inside the eye that damages the optic nerve, which in turn causes loss of peripheral vision. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by leakage in retinal blood vessels. Blurred vision and increased sensitivity to glare are common problems associated with diabetic retinopathy. Note that conditions listed above are not exhaustive; they are only a fraction of conditions associated with low vision.
Detection of macular diseases in optical coherence tomography image
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
Xiaoming Liu, Zhou Yang, Wei Hu, Jun Liu, Kai Zhang
Many macular diseases can lead to vision decreasing or blindness such as macular edema, macular hole and age-related macular degeneration (shown in Figure 2). Macular edema [3] occurs when fluid and protein deposit on the macular and cause retina to thicken or swell. It can be classified into cystoid macular edema involving fluid accumulation in the outer plexiform layer, and diabetic macular edema caused by leaking macular capillaries. Macular hole [4] is a small break in the macular. The vitreous is a jelly-like substance in the eye, and it is usually adherent to retina. Along with the growth of age, vitreous get watery and begin to separate from the retinal surface. The higher the degree of attachment between vitreous and retina, the more likely macular hole is developed. Age-related macular degeneration [5] typically occurs in older people where the severity is divided into early, intermediate and late types. Drusen, which appear as a bulge, is an important clinical indicator for this disease, and it occurs at the neighbourhood of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
Special issue on ‘smart computing and communication’ in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
Nowadays, supercomputers are more and more powerful but the power consumption is also rapidly increasing. In order to investigate this issue, the third article presents the energy measurement tool experimented by a software framework that eases the energy collection in a cluster environment and the authors also show how to optimise the parallel I/O operation's energy efficiency. As a widely used diagnosis of macular disease, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) often needs to check and analyse lots of OCT images which is time-consuming and inefficient. To solve this issue, the fourth article proposes an approach to detect the normal or abnormal status of the retina by OCT images that can differentiate several kinds of macular diseases from the normal image, including macular oedema, macular hole, and age-related macular degeneration. The fifth article reviews various networks used real-time media distribution includes the average delay for multiple video streams over Flexilink using a simulation model and the explanation for the recommendation for testing Flexilink using hardware.