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Subneuronal Processing of Information by Solitary Waves and Stochastic Processes
Published in Sergey Edward Lyshevski, Nano and Molecular Electronics Handbook, 2018
Danko D. Georgiev, James F. Glazebrook
The vesicle fusion sites are so specialized for creating a protein fusion pore (aligned by a circular array of 5 to 8 syntaxin molecules), thus allowing the lipid bilayers of synaptic vesicles and AZ plasma membrane to unite. In this way, the main purpose of the plasma membrane at the AZ during neurotransmitter release is to mediate fusion of synaptic vesicles as they interact with the depolarization-triggered presynaptic Ca2+ microdomains. Multidomain scaffold proteins constitute the large protein complexes at the pre-and postsynaptic sites, while pre-assembled dense-core transport vesicles deliver the necessary protein constituents of the CAZ. Although christened with musical names, Piccolo and Bassoon are two types of scaffold proteins underlying the PTV (Piccolo–Bassoon transport vesicle), which transport components of the CAZ. Their vesicular features imply an amount of 3 to 5 PTV’s adequate for forming the functional presynapse [72].
Formation of planar hybrid lipid/polymer membranes anchored to an S-layer protein lattice by vesicle binding and rupture
Published in Soft Materials, 2020
Christian Czernohlavek, Bernhard Schuster
The present study is the first attempt to investigate the generation of planar hybrid lipid/polymer membranes with a certain polymer content by the vesicle fusion method on a crystalline S-layer lattice (Fig. 1). The polymer content varied from a low (5%–10%) to a high percentage (60%–70%) and the remaining part consisted of various phospholipids. The surface-sensitive, acoustical method quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) measured (1) the S-layer protein recrystallization process (Fig. 1a,b)[24,31], (2) the binding of the hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles (Fig. 1c,d), (3) the rupture and fusion process of the vesicles, and (4) eventually the formation of the anchored planar hybrid lipid/polymer layer on the top of the S-layer lattice (Fig. 1e).
Nanoparticle–membrane interactions
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2018
Claudia Contini, Matthew Schneemilch, Simon Gaisford, Nick Quirke
Another direct method of measuring the adhesion energy between inorganic surfaces and lipid bilayers is via the surface force apparatus [88], as utilised by Anderson and co-workers [89]. In their study, DMPC SLB formed by Langmuir–Blodgett deposition or vesicle fusion were interrogated with amorphous silica surfaces made by electron deposition. Both the silica and bilayer were formed on two mica cylinders approximately 2 cm in radius. The cylinders were placed in a 90˚ crossed position with the bottom cylinder parallel to the observer's point of view in Figure 5. The normal force profiles in Figure 5 display an initial repulsion at distances less than 10 nm before the surface and bilayer jump into contact. The silica surface was then withdrawn and jumps out of contact when the applied force exceeds the force of adhesion.
Neurophysiological and molecular approaches to understanding the mechanisms of learning and memory
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021
Shruthi Sateesh, Wickliffe C. Abraham
While the majority of work has focused on signalling cascades in the postsynaptic neurons, there is also evidence for presynaptic mechanisms of LTP. The presynaptic mechanisms for LTP expression can take a variety of forms, the most prominent being an increased probability that an action potential will stimulate synaptic vesicle fusion and glutamate release, or an increase in the number of functional release sites from the presynaptic terminal (Staubli et al. 1990; Zalutsky and Nicoll 1990; Yang and Calakos 2013). Additionally, proportional changes in AMPA receptor-mediated and NMDA receptor-mediated responses have been used to support a presynaptic basis for long-term plasticity (Bayazitov et al. 2002), although this is not always observed.