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Urinary system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Patients with associated anatomical abnormalities, such as a PUJ obstruction, stenosis of the infundibular or calyceal diverticulum are indicated for a percutaneous approach to the kidney. This approach, as opposed to ureteroscopy or extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL), is reserved for renal pelvis stone burdens of >2 cm, staghorn stones and lower pole stones >1 cm. Patients with obesity, scoliosis, aortic or renal artery aneurysms or a preference for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are also indications. Furthermore, PCNL can be used for failed ureteroscopy or ESWL or for stones composed of cysteine or calcium oxalate monohydrate which, due to their hardness, are at increased risk of failure. The key to successful PCNL is the accurate placement of the nephrostomy tract, allowing appropriate access for complete stone removal. Therefore it is important that the urologist and radiographer/radiologist confer prior to the placement of the nephrostomy tube to ensure the nephrostomy tract will allow easy access to calculi.
An ORB-SLAM3-based Approach for Surgical Navigation in Ureteroscopy
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Laura Oliva Maza, Florian Steidle, Julian Klodmann, Klaus Strobl, Rudolph Triebel
Endoluminal interventions can even further decrease the trauma of the patient. In this types of procedures the whole intervention takes place inside hollow organs (e.g. lung, stomach, colon, urethral tract). To this end, mostly flexible endoscopes are introduced through natural orifices, such as mouth, anus or urethra to inspect the organs, to take biopsies or to treat the tissue from the inside. A special treatment of Urolithiasis (stone formation in the urinary tract) to remove small kidney stones and inspect the renal collecting system is flexible ureteroscopy (fURS), where flexible endoscopes are inserted into the upper urinary tract via ureteral access sheats.
Device profile of the LithoVue single-use digital flexible ureteroscope in the removal of kidney stones: overview of safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Connor M. Forbes, Colin Lundeen, Sarah Beebe, Jonathan P Moore, Bodo E Knudsen, Mitchell R Humphreys, Ben Chew
With improved technology, URS for stone treatment has increased in the last 30 years [4,5]. URS is used in an estimated 49–59% of total stone cases [4,5]. For kidney stone treatment, a lithotripsy device, typically a flexible laser is used during URS by passing it up the ‘working channel’ of the scope [1]. Extraction of upper tract urinary calculi during URS is also possible with a basket [1]. Ureteroscopy is also used to diagnose, biopsy, and treat urothelial carcinomas suspected on computed tomography (CT) scan, as well as in the treatment of some stricture disease of the ureters. These uses of ureteroscopes are all technically similar.