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Enhancement of Bioremediation by Partial Preoxidation
Published in Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, 2018
A possible explanation for this increase in affinity may be due to enhancement of cellular transport across the bacterial membrane. It is known that PCP is an effective uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and its associated energy production in bacteria, and that this effect inhibits the active transport of amino acids and inorganic ions across the bacterial cell membrane.99 As a consequence of such uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, the energy available for transport of PCP across the cell membrane would be decreased. In contrast to these debilitating effects of uncoupling, it is possible that PCP metabolites produced from fungal pretreatment are being metabolized by the microorganisms more easily and are compensating for the difference in energy caused by PCP’s toxic effects on cellular energy production.
Alterations in Cellular Enzyme Activity, Antioxidants, Adenylates, and Stress Proteins
Published in Alan G. Heath, Water Pollution and Fish Physiology, 2018
Pentachlorophenol is a powerful uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (see Rao, 1978 for review). When eels were exposed for 4 days to this pesticide, Bostrom and Johansson (1972) observed increases in several enzymes of the citric acid cycle, the respiratory chain, and the pentose shunt but decreases in the enzymes of glycolysis (Table 3). This is to be expected as there would be a need for increased respiration if the efficiency of ATP synthesis was reduced because of the uncoupling mentioned above.
Metabolic Engineering for the Production of a Variety of Biofuels and Biochemicals
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
Another way is to use 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a typical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (Abo-Khatwa et al. 1996), that separates the coupled process of NADH oxidation and ATP synthesis into two independent processes, where DNP does not influence on the electron transfer chain but blocks ATP synthesis, thus the accumulated ADP promotes substrate level phosphorylation and the glycolytic flux is accelerated as shown in E. coli (Dietzler et al. 1975).
Experimental models of chemically induced Parkinson’s disease in zebrafish at the embryonic larval stage: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Paola Briñez-Gallego, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Ana Paula Horn, Mariana Appel Hort
Fluazinam, a fungicide, induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. This compound enters the cell membrane and acts as an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through direct inhibition of ATP synthase and was reported to be neurotoxic (Guo et al. 1991; Vitoratos 2014). Wang et al. (2018b) tested different concentrations of fluazinam in zebrafish, starting the exposure at 96 hpf. Locomotor impairment and reduction of dopaminergic markers (TH and DA receptor 2) were observed, suggesting that this toxin might affect the dopaminergic system, although there were no marked alterations in DAT and other receptors. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial parameters were also affected by fluazinam in zebrafish embryos, including a decrease in basal and ATP-linked respiration and the upregulation of SOD2 and HSP70 protein expression. Genes associated with apoptosis, Bax, and casp9 were also enhanced. Taken together, these results suggest that fluazinam induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and, consequently, locomotor impairment. As for most other pesticides, Wang et al. (2018b) noted severe malformations (axial malformation, pericardial edema, and edema of the yolk sac), a delay in the hatching time, and an LC50 of 0.5 µM.
Structure, nitric oxide (NO) generation and antitumor activity of binuclear tetranitrosyl iron complex with 4-aminothiophenolyl as nitrosyl ferredoxins mimic
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
N.A. Sanina, G.I. Kozub, T.A. Kondrat’eva, T.S. Stupina, A.A. Balakina, A.A. Terent’ev, I.V. Sulimenkov, N.S. Ovanesyan, P.V. Dorovatovskii, V.N. Khrustalev, S.M. Aldoshin
Cells were plated in a 96-well plate in the standard incubation medium (8 × 104 cells per well); 24 h after plating, 1 was added into the incubation medium at IC50. DMSO concentration in all samples was 0.1%. After 24 h exposure, the cells were washed once with PBS (pH 7.4) and stained using Mitochondrial membrane potential kit (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. For positive control of the mitochondrial membrane potential loss, the cells were exposed to an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [30] (concentration 10 µM) for 30 min. Fluorescence intensity was measured using a plate reader Spark 10 M (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland) with excitation/emission filter pairs 490/525 nm and 540/590 nm for monomeric and aggregated form of JC-10 dye, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was estimated from ratios of emission intensities at 590/525. The 590/525 ratio in DMSO treated cells was taken as 100%.
Study on removal of pyrene by Agropyron cristatum L. in pyrene–Ni co-contaminated soil
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Xinying Zhang, Jing Chen, Xiaoyan Liu, Yanming Zhang, Yuqi Zou, Jingxi Yuan
To further explore other possible ways for A. cristatum to absorb pyrene, this study explored these aspects by adding plasma membrane H+-ATP activity inhibitors (Na3VO4), oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler (DNP), water channel inhibitors (Zn2+), and glycerol to the pyrene absorption experiments. As shown in Figure 6, under the single pyrene contamination, the addition of inhibitors reduced the pyrene content in the roots of A. cristatum with respect to the control. However, the addition of glycerol did not inhibit the uptake of pyrene. In contrast, in pyrene–Ni co-contamination, the addition of inhibitors had no significant effect on pyrene content, and the addition of glycerol greatly increased the concentration of pyrene.