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Basic Concepts
Published in P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino, Non-Invasive Monitoring of Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2022
P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino
Traumatology is a branch of orthopaedics that studies the damage to parts of the human body (external or internal) due to exogenous violent actions (mechanical action, thermal action, or chemical action). As will be dealt with specifically in the next subsection, the trauma can be defined direct trauma if it causes the injury at the point of application of the exogenous force. While the trauma can be considered indirect trauma if it causes the injury at some distance from the point of application of the exogenous force. The main objective is to detect the best way to intervene on the lesion and restore the integrity of the injured part, or to replace the injured part with a prosthesis. The injuries reported by subjects range from mild injuries (cuts, abrasions) to more serious ones (bone fractures, damage to organs and tissues). The nature of the trauma, the extent of the exogenous force, the complications caused by the injury and the body part affected must be considered to obtain an accurate diagnosis of the injury.
Pullout strength of K-wires: optimal solutions analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
L. Tamiti, S. Braymand, N. Bahlouli, H. Jmal, S. Facca
Traumatology surgery involves K-wires for bone osteosynthesis. However, when K-wires are used into bones to fix fractures, some complications could occur. There are many factors that affect K-wires stability into bone: their design (smooth/threaded), their insertion technique, the dynamic load of K-wires (Abouzgia and Symington 1996; Piska et al. 2002) and the bone quality. Currently, both the manual and the motorized drilling motor techniques are used during surgical procedures. However, no study specifies which the best technique is and why. Measurement of axial pullout strength is commonly used to assess and compare the holding power of K-wires inserted into bone (Anderson et al. 1993). We proposed a study which consists in a comparison of the axial pullout strength of K-wires with a three factors study: different thread lengths, different diameters and inserted in Sawbones at different speeds (Sawbones; Vashon, WA, USA). Sawbones were preferred to real human cancellous bone to avoid variability. To perform this study, a statistical design of experiments (SDOE) was used to optimize multiple performance characteristics on K-wires fixation (Pandey and Panda 2015; Singh et al. 2016).
Proximity to fatal accidents predicts police citation rates on urban and rural roads
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
George Glass, Pavel Chernyavskiy, Thomas Hartka, Bethany Neri, James F. Calland
Second, we examined several “high risk” routes of interest (as perceived by local EMS, Emergency Medicine, and Traumatology specialists to be at risk for injurious crashes), which were included in our models as indicator variables. A visual assessment of predicted citation intensity along these routes demonstrated some evidence of under-enforcement (Figure 2B and C); however, these variations did not reach traditional statistical significance when adjusted for other variables (Table 2). The identification of locations that are not receiving the level of traffic enforcement that was implicitly anticipated may help in identifying areas that could be targeted for increased police intervention.
Dual mobility acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty: advantages and drawbacks
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Thomas Neri, Remi Philippot, Antonio Klasan, Sven Putnis, Murilo Leie, Bertrand Boyer, Frederic Farizon
Patients with femoral neck fractures have an increased risk of dislocation after THA. In this indication, use of DMC has promising results. A multicenter study performed by the French Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (SoFCOT) reported a 1.4% dislocation rate with this implant [105]. In a study comparing DMC to standard cup for patients who require THA because of a femoral neck fracture, DMC reduced the dislocation rate (no dislocation versus 12.7% at 1 year) [106]. Similarly, Bensen et al. showed that DMC was better than hemiarthroplasty in terms of dislocation (4.6% versus 14.6%) and revision rate (9.1% versus 18.7%) [107].