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Measurement Method for Aesthetic Medicine
Published in P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino, Non-Invasive Monitoring of Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2022
P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino
The development of transdermal drug delivery is providing new techniques to target site-specific delivery and to enhance skin penetration. Hence, it allows to extend the range of therapeutic and aesthetic compounds that can be delivered through the skin. Transdermal drug delivery guarantees less systemic uptake and no skin irritation with respect to oral administration and hypodermic injection. For this reason, it is greatly appreciated in aesthetic medicine. Several strategies are well-estabilished in transdermal delivery: i.e., chemical-enhancers, electroporation, and iontophoresis [139, 140]. All these methods are proved to enhance the penetration of the drug under the skin in ex-vivo laboratory studies. Currently, however, the amount of drug actually passed through the skin cannot be assessed in vivo and non-invasively [141, 142].
Film, Sheet, and Laminates
Published in Isaac Ghebre-Sellassie, Charles Martin, Feng Zhang, James DiNunzio, Pharmaceutical Extrusion Technology, 2018
One common pharmaceutical application using extrusion is transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), which are alternatives to more classic drug delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, or even injections. Transdermal delivery is a noninvasive method of drug delivery where the medication is delivered into the body over a period of time through the skin. One of the most common examples of TDDS are nicotine patches. There are three types of transdermal constructions (2): ReservoirMatrixDrug-in-adhesive
Pharmacokinetic analysis
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
In the transdermal delivery of a drug, i.e., a skin drug patch (Panchagnula, 1997), the drug molecules diffuse across the skin and enter the systemic circulation. However, the passive transport of the drug across the skin can be a major problem. Skin acts as a major defense barrier for the body, and most drugs have very low skin permeability, which can limit the ability to achieve therapeutic drug levels in the body. Therefore, transdermal delivery of a drug is best suited for drugs that have high pharmacological activity (potency) and good skin permeability (lipophilic). Examples where transdermal delivery of drugs is being used include birth control, estrogen replacement and testosterone replacement therapies, and the treatment of hypertension, pain, overactive bladder, and motion sickness, and for cessation of smoking.
Franz diffusion cell and its implication in skin permeation studies
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Mohit Kumar, Ankita Sharma, Syed Mahmood, Anil Thakur, Mohd Aamir Mirza, Amit Bhatia
A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is the most convenient route of drug administration. TDDS improves skin retention and the efficacy of drug products. Transdermal drug delivery allows precise release and steady drug administration without pulsed penetration into the systemic circulation, which may induce side effects. Transdermal delivery of drugs is one of the most convenient routes of drug administration.[1] Transdermal drug administration eliminates the absorption of drugs through the gastrointestinal tract since it delivers the medication directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the hepatic clearance process.[2] The TDDS has drawn different considerations for either local or systemic drug delivery, having its unique merits, like the elimination of hepatic first-pass metabolism, easy termination of therapy, and prolonged therapeutic effect.[3]
Transdermal delivery of acemetacin loaded microemulsions: preparation, characterization, in vitro – ex vivo evaluation and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Emre Şefik Çağlar, Mehmet Evren Okur, Buket Aksu, Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
As an alternative to the oral route, drug delivery systems and administration routes have been developed to circumvent the major adverse effects that have already been stated. One of the alternate delivery methods is to apply NSAIDs topically, which has the potential to provide equivalent pain and anti-inflammatory treatment without the severe side effects associated with oral ingestion. NSAIDs administered topically reach high concentrations within the intended site of action while maintaining low plasma concentrations, providing many benefits over oral treatment.[5,6] In this regard, transdermal drug delivery has several important advantages, including avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism, improving therapeutic efficiency, maintaining a constant plasma level of the drug, and the ability to transport the drug or macromolecules painlessly through the skin into the blood circulation at a set rate.[7,8]
An insight on topically applied formulations for management of various skin disorders
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Amit K. Jain, Sakshi Jain, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Parul Mehta, Prashant Kesharwani
Despite the conventional formulations, topical delivery has been used widely for the treatment of skin diseases. These preparations suffer from many limitations such as reduced adherence to skin, easy rubbing off by patient’s clothes, etc. so requiring multiple applications. Formulations like ointments, show poor patient compliance because of their sticky and greasy nature, also these preparations do not reach in desired therapeutic concentration at the site of action i.e. skin surface. Whereas, transdermal preparations suffer from disadvantages of reaching the systemic circulation, hence not ensuring targeted drug delivery. Therefore, the use of a novel topical drug delivery system to limit systemic side effects has been developed lately. These ensure a localized action by encountering the skin surface and not entering into the systemic compartment.