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Driver Fatigue: The Perils of Vehicle Automation
Published in Mark Sullman, Lisa Dorn, Advances in Traffic Psychology, 2019
Gerald Matthews, Catherine E. Neubauer, Dyani J. Saxby, Lisa K. Langheim
A clue to the possibility of overload effects comes from a recent study (Reinerman et al., 2008). They used transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) to measure cerebral blood velocity (CBFV) in the medial cerebral arteries. Previous studies (Warm et al., 2008) have shown that the vigilance decrement in performance on tasks requiring sustained attention is accompanied by declining CBFV. The change in CBFV is not simply a consequence of monotony or declining arousal. No change in CBFV is seen if the participant passively watches task stimuli, without attempting to respond. The index appears to be directly linked to cognitive workload, and, perhaps, to the depletion of resources associated with sustained attention on cognitively demanding monitoring tasks (Warm et al., 2008). Both CBFV and subjective task engagement predict performance on a range of vigilance tasks (Matthews et al., 2010).
Resources and Effort
Published in Christopher D. Wickens, Jason S. McCarley, Robert S. Gutzwiller, Applied Attention Theory, 2023
Christopher D. Wickens, Jason S. McCarley, Robert S. Gutzwiller
Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) (Duschek & Schandry, 2003; Shaw et al., 2019) uses head-mounted ultrasound transducers to measure the speed of cerebral blood flow, a correlate of overall cerebral blood flow. TCD studies have shown that changes in the difficulty of perceptual and cognitive tasks are accompanied by increases in cerebral blood flow (Duschek & Schandry, 2003; Stroobant & Vingerhoets, 2000). In a simulated air defense task, for example, changes in cerebral flood detected by TCD closely tracked changes in workload caused by increases in the number of enemy threats (Satterfield et al., 2012; Shaw et al., 2010).
Compression garments and cerebral blood flow: Influence on cognitive and exercise performance
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2018
Brittany A. Smale, Joseph M. Northey, Disa J. Smee, Nathan G. Versey, Ben Rattray
During each intervention, MCAv was measured continuously using 2 MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (DWL Doppler, Compumedics Ltd, Germany) by a single trained operator. The MCA was identified through the right temporal window using search techniques described previously (Willie et al., 2011). A Finometer was also placed around the middle finger of the left hand for the entirety of each intervention trial to continually measure finger MAP by photoplethysmography at a 2 Hz frequency (Finapres Medical Systems BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and real time data were captured with the PowerLab (Labchart 7, ADInstruments, Sydney, Australia). To improve the stability of readings, the participants’ left arm was supported at heart level in a relaxed position for 30 s from the 3 min 30 s time point of each increment. A heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) was also fitted with a chest strap to each participant for continuous measurements throughout the trial. The pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) was continuously recorded in the intervention trials with a calibrated breath-by-breath K4b2 COSMED system (COSMED, Rome, Italy). Data for MCAv, MAP, PetCO2, and heart rate were averaged over 30 s periods for each time point. Fingertip blood samples were drawn into capillary tubes and analysed immediately to determine lactate concentration with an iStat Radiometer (CD4 + cartridge, Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ, USA).
Research on effective recognition of alarm signals in a human–machine system based on cognitive neural experiments
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Yun Teng, Yuwei Sun, Xinlin Chen, Mei Zhang
Modern cognitive neuroscience provides an effective way to overcome the aforementioned problems. Cognitive neuroscience is a discipline that studies the advanced functions of the human brain. The purpose of the research is to clarify the brain mechanism of cognitive activities [27]. Cognitive neuroscience uses two types of modern brain imaging technologies to directly observe the cognitive activities of the human brain. One type is technology that measures the electromagnetic activity of the brain – event-related potential (ERP) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) – and the other is based on cerebral hemodynamics technology – functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, transcranial Doppler sonography (TCDS) and positron emission tomography (PET). As one of the important branches of industrial engineering, the intersection of cognitive neuroscience and human factors also gave birth to neuroergonomics. The concept of neuroergonomics was proposed by Prof. R. Parasuraman of George Mason University in the USA [28]. It refers to the fusion of human factors and neuroscience to study people’s perceptual and cognitive functions related to work, home, transportation and daily life, such as vision, hearing, attention, memory, decision-making and planning. By applying the theory and technology of cognitive neuroscience to ergonomics, neuroergonomics can measure and analyze the brain’s reaction at work, which can objectively, accurately and in real time understand the work performance and psychological state. It has been used in aviation, driving, electroencephalography (EEG) interface, virtual reality clinical and other fields [29–32].
Recent advances in catheter devices for patent foramen ovale closure
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Gianluca Rigatelli, Marco Zuin, Giulio Rodinò, Giuseppe Marchese, Giampaolo Pasquetto
The PFO biodegradable occluder device was assessed in a phase III prospective trial in 2022 [11] in 16 patients showing that on postoperative color Doppler transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography at 12 months showed that only one patient with atrial septal aneurysm had a residual shunt at the edge of the occluder, and contrast transcranial Doppler showed that all patients were grade I or 0 right-to-left shunts, indicating that the occlusion success rate was 100%. The occluder gradually degraded after the procedure, particularly when the umbrella disc structure became vague, and the size of the occluder significantly decreased 6 months after occlusion.