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Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsing Polychondritis
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Falk Hiepe, Andreas Thiel, Oliver Rosen, Gero Massenkeil, Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester, Andreas Radbruch, Renate Arnold
Unspecific markers of inflammation, including an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and hypergammaglobulinemia may be detected during acute flares.22,23 The possibility of macrocytic anemia should be considered, as this infrequently occurs due to an associated early myelodysplastic syndrome.21 Anti-collagen type II antibodies are found during acute episodes of relapsing polychondritis, and their concentration in serum seems to correlate with the severity of the disease.2,3 However, since the specificity of these antibodies is low and their frequency ranges from only 20 to 50%, their usefulness as a diagnostic marker is limited.4,5 The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) observed in relapsing polychondritis is low. The significant ANA titers detected in a patient with relapsing polychondritis is more likely due to the presence of an associated disorder, such as SLE, MCTD, Sjogren’s syndrome or acquired myelodysplasia.24 Likewise, other serological tests for rheumatoid factor, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), etc., are helpful only in the diagnosis and management of accompanying rheumatologic disorders.25,26 Serum creatinine and first morning urine should be routinely tested to screen for glomerulonephritis.
Acute and subacute scaffold thrombosis
Published in Yoshinobu Onuma, Patrick W.J.C. Serruys, Bioresorbable Scaffolds, 2017
Patients with acute coronary syndromes are at higher risk of early stent thrombosis regardless of the stent implanted [35]. This can be partly ascribed to the prothrombotic milieu itself, along with potential mechanical factors specific to acute coronary syndromes, including stent underexpansion (i.e., due to vasospasm resolution) and incomplete apposition (i.e., due to thrombus eventually disappearing and leaving a gap between the stent and the vessel wall). Other individual predisposing conditions have been advocated as responsible for thrombosis of DESs, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction [3]. Whether these factors also play a role in scaffold thrombosis remains hypothetical but unproven at this stage. Similar to DESs, it is also highly expected that platelet-specific risk factors can also trigger scaffold thrombosis. These include thrombocytosis, high on-treatment platelet reactivity (an occurrence that has been mitigated but not abolished by prasugrel and ticagrelor [36]) and premature dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) discontinuation [37].
Association learning of Chinese herbal medicines and disease treatment efficacy
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Jingui Xie, Ning Wang, Runkang Ding, Jinchen Guo, Ling Xin, Jian Liu
In order to identify effective core herbs and combination patterns, we must accurately evaluate the treatment efficacy. We establish a new method to evaluate the treatment efficacy based on laboratory tests. First, we need to select some key indexes among a large number of laboratory tests. During hospitalisation, a patient would take many laboratory tests. The chosen indexes should be valid and reliable in the clinic, which could effectively monitor and reflect the disease activity and treatment efficacy. In our study, according to suggestions from physicians as well as the relevant literature, we choose some key indexes from laboratory tests that are often used in the evaluation of treatment outcomes. These indexes fall into four categories including inflammatory indexes (CRP, ESR), immunologic indexes (RF, anti-CCP, IgG, IgA, C3, C4), metabolic indexes (TG, TC, HDL, LDL) and hematologic indexes (RBC, HGB, PLT). CRP and ESR both test the level of inflammation in the body, which are widely used to evaluate RA disease activity and treatment efficacy (Sherwood 2012). RA is a systemic autoimmune disease, therefore immunologic measurements can reflect the disease activity and patients' condition. Useful indexes such as RF, anti-CCP, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) and complement components (C3, C4) are detected (Jansen et al. 2002; Zendman, VanVenrooij, and Pruijn 2005). Measures of metabolic difference in RA patients are useful for the assessment of both disease activity and treatment effect (Chimenti et al. 2015). The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are detected and compared before and after TCM treatment. Hematologic parameters such as red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin (HGB) are tested to monitor anaemia, and platelets (PLT) for thrombocytosis. Anaemia and thrombocytosis are common in RA patients and are correlated with disease activity (Cojocaru et al. 2010).
Complexions therapy and severe intoxication by Thallium salts
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Maria Rayisyan, Natalia Zakharova, Liudmila Babaskina
In terms of red blood, typical disease indicators were leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, lymphopenia, and toxic neutrophils. The main biochemical syndrome in patients with severe thallium salts poisoning was cytolytic (Table 2), which is proved by a significant increase in AspAT activity (105.73 ± 4.69 U/L), ALAT activity (124.91 ± 4.15 U/L), hyperasotemia syndrome, and electrolyte balance disorder (hyponatremia and persistent hypokalemia).
Investigation of novel sorafenib tosylate loaded biomaterial based nano-cochleates dispersion system for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Raj J. Ahiwale, Bothiraja Chellampillai, Atmaram P. Pawar
Values of the hematological parameters in Table 4 are discussed as follows. WBC count in DEN induced group, DEN + ST group, and DEN + STNCs group non-significantly roused as compared to the control group. The WBC rise may be due to the presence of cancer injury and extrahepatic metastasis.[63] Further, the treatment with chemotherapy also leads to Leukocytosis associated with thrombosis due to the initiation of chemotherapy.[64] The other possible reason for the rise in WBC may be due to infection. This may have caused the upregulation of the normal level of WBC. No abnormal changes were seen in lymphocytes and monocytes. Liver disease is accompanied by multiple hematological abnormalities. Low-level RBC in the DEN group and DEN + ST group as compared to the control group may be due to liver cirrhosis and liver damage.[65] In the DEN + STNCs group, the RBC level was low whilst it was closer to the normal range. Iron deficiency anemia is a frequent complication of advanced liver disease. Low level of HCT in the DEN group as compared to the control group, DEN + ST group, and DEN + STNCs group may be due to low iron level, a mineral that helps produce red blood cells.[66] This was evident from the low level of RBC. The MCV level in DEN induced group, DEN + ST group, and DEN + STNCs group are above normal range signals bigger size of RBCs, this may be due to low vitamin B12 or folate levels and liver disease.[67] MCH levels in DEN induced group and DEN + ST group were significantly higher than the control group, DEN + STNCs group levels though above the control group, however, are closer to normal level this delineates lipid carrier helped in keeping the liver damage low as compared to the pure drug-treated group and DEN control. High-level MCH is associated with liver disease and also related to low vitamin B12 or folate levels.[68] The hemoglobin level in all groups was normal however the MCHC levels are elevated in DEN induced group, DEN + ST group, and DEN + STNCs group as compared to the control group which represents fragile and destroyed RBC, leading to hemoglobin being present outside the RBCs. Platelet levels of DEN induced group, DEN + ST group, and DEN + STNCs group were elevated as compared to the control group. Liver tumor synthesizes thrombopoietin, a major factor in platelet production, therefore HCCs produce paraneoplastic thrombocytosis.[69] All DEN induced groups showed thrombocytosis. However, the severity was high in DEN induced group and DEN + ST group. The severity of thrombocytosis was low in the DEN + STNCs group, indicating enhanced antitumor action due to lipid carrier. The animals were only treated with ST and STNCs. Nevertheless, the results have shown enhanced functionality of STNCs, the animals need adjuvant therapy for restoring the MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, and WBC.