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Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Classifiers for Memory Assessment Using EEG Signal
Published in Anand Sharma, Sunil Kumar Jangir, Manish Kumar, Dilip Kumar Choubey, Tarun Shrivastava, S. Balamurugan, Industrial Internet of Things, 2022
The brain is divided into different lobes, namely the Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal lobes, each having specialized functions (Kumar & Bhuvaneswari, 2012). The frontal lobe has the control of memory, thinking ability, decision making, reasoning, impulse control, emotions, and speaking quality. In case this part gets injured, it may affect memory, emotions, and language. The Parietal Lobe is concerned with sensory information coming from different parts of the body. If there happens some damage to this part, the inability problem for recognizing and locating body parts may occur. The Occipital Lobe processes visual information and causes color blindness after getting an injury. The last one, Temporal Lobe, is responsible for sound and speech, precisely for hearing, recognizing language, and forming memories. It may create hearing loss and the problem of identifying languages after injury.
Neuroimaging in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anne Larsson Strömvall, Susanna Jakobson Mo
In Alzheimer´s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, amyloid plaques, mainly composed of clumps of β-amyloid (a part of a protein occurring in the synapse) and neurofibrillary tangles, are formed by aggregation of an intracellular protein type called tau. In AD the degenerative process causes damage to nerve-cells communicating with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In the brain, acetylcholine is important for cognitive functions, including memory. As the neurons die and the function in affected areas is decreased, the regional blood flow and glucose metabolism will be lower than in normally functioning areas. Typically, the parietal and temporal lobes are affected in Alzheimer´s disease, causing memory loss as well as, for example, difficulties in time and space orientation.
Applications of Machine Learning Classifiers in Epileptic Seizure Detection
Published in Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza, Jorge de J. Lozoya-Santos, Ricardo Zavala-Yoé, Luz María Alonso-Valerdi, Ruben Morales-Menendez, Belinda Carrión, Pedro Ponce Cruz, Hugo G. Gonzalez-Hernandez, Biometry, 2022
Mohammad Kubeb Siddiqui, Ruben Morales-Menendez
The EEG is one of the tools to diagnose epileptic seizures, analyzing the different behaviors of brain signals, and providing ictal and interictal activities. An example of an EEG is shown in Figure 3.3, where the x-axis is the number of samples (time) and the y-axis is the amplitude in ,uV. The main contribution is that it classifies the different types: normal when displaying distinct signal patterns such as sharp peaks, flattened, etc., [94]. If a patient has partial seizures, the sharp spikes and waves on the EEG in a particular area of the brain, such as the temporal lobe, can recognize where the seizures originate. The EEG helps identify different brain signal patterns, classifies them into epileptic seizures and other paroxysmal non-epileptic seizures [365, 524]. It also helps to identify the types of seizures, as shown in Figure 3.4 with the following patterns: sharp waves, spikes, benign epileptiform discharges of childhood, wave complexes, spike-wave complexes, spike-wave complexes, seizure pattern and polyspikes.
Evaluating the cognitive and psychological effects of real-time auditory travel information on drivers using EEG
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2023
Shubham Agrawal, Srinivas Peeta, Irina Benedyk
EEG measures the underlying electrical activity of the brain, mainly cerebrum, using electrodes (small metal disks) that are placed on the scalp. The cerebrum is the largest portion of the human brain and can be divided into four regions/lobes as illustrated in Figure 5: frontal, parietal (or centroparietal), temporal and occipital. The functionalities of each brain lobe have been extensively discussed in the neuroscience literature. The frontal lobe plays an important role in task planning, working memory, attention, and language articulation (Chayer and Freedman, 2001). It also shares the semantic and syntactic processing of auditory information with the temporal lobe (Friederici, 2011). The parietal lobe is associated with verbal-semantic processes (Doppelmayr et al., 2005) and visual attention (Bisley and Goldberg, 2010). The parietal and frontal lobes are also responsible for body motor functions (Marcus and Jacobson, 2003). The temporal lobe is generally associated with auditory information perception, memory, and language interpretation, while the occipital lobe is associated with visual information processing (Abhang et al., 2016a).
Oleanolic acid suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in vivo
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Canan Akünal Türel, Oruç Yunusoğlu
Epilepsy is a common disease of the nervous system. Although most epilepsy patients can obtain effective relief from seizures with antiepileptic drugs, 25% of patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy (Mehdizadeh et al. 2019; Löscher et al. 2020). The control of epilepsy, mainly in drug-resistant epilepsy, is difficult and can cause financial and social issues, and diminish quality of life, mood, and cognition of patients (Büget et al. 2016; Allahverdiyev et al. 2018; Löscher et al. 2020). Conventional antiepileptic pharmacological agents are the first choice for the treatment and control of epileptic seizures. More than 20 AED pharmacological agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) worldwide have been shown to provide reasonable seizure suppression potential (Liu et al. 2017; Allahverdiyev et al. 2018; Löscher et al. 2020). Nevertheless, there remains a need for the development and research of new antiepileptic drugs. The most common type of intractable epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy. Although the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy has not yet been fully elucidated, the fundamental cause of epilepsy is abnormal neuronal function (Liu et al. 2017; Allahverdiyev et al. 2018). Therefore, there is a need for further exploration of more possible novel therapeutic options.
Effects of augmented reality glasses on the cognitive load of assembly operators in the automotive industry
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2021
Hilal Atici-Ulusu, Yagmur Dila Ikiz, Ozlem Taskapilioglu, Tulin Gunduz
The signals were recorded through all 24 EEG channels of the EasyCap. The analyses were primarily based on the frontal, temporal and occipital region channels (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, T7, T8, O1, O2). The channels on the cap and the related brain regions are shown in mutually identical colors in Figure 5. The central electrodes in orange are in the region between the frontal and parietal. The functions of the frontal lobe involve decision-making, controlling emotions and problem-solving. The temporal lobe is important for hearing, long-term memory and speech. The occipital lobe mainly serves on visual perception. Since the diffusion task involves decision-making and memory processes and visual stimuli, the channels in these brain regions were taken into account.