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Nanomedicine for Wound Healing
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Sourav Das, Papia Basu Thakur, Aparna Harri, Manali Bagade, Chitta Ranjan Patra
Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used in different stages of wound healing, due to their surface, electronic, and optical properties (Eustis and El-Sayed 2006). AuNPs have been reported along with antioxidant agents like epigallocatechin gallate and alpha-lipoic acid in healing diabetic wounds. Similarly, Kim et al. (2015) used hydrocolloid membranes coated with phytochemically stabilized gold nanoparticles (pAuNP-HCM) for therapeutic effects on cutaneous wounds in Sprague Dawley rats. The authors observed that the size of the wound reduced in the treated rats after 5–15 days as compared to other groups. The authors also noticed that on day 5 in the treated groups, there was a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) with an increase in collagen, angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, and VEGF expression, which ultimately aided in wound healing. Finally, the authors mentioned that the combined effects of angiogenesis along with the activation of antioxidants and generation of connective tissue helped in the wound healing process, as shown in Figure 9.2. Likewise, Yang et al. (2017) prepared wound dressing materials using electrospun techniques which were resistant against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The authors mentioned that the formulation was carried out by binding the AuNPs with the small molecule 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and then the scaffold was prepared by poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin to evade wound infection by MDR bacteria. The author further added that the as-prepared Au-APA could withstand the MDR bacteria and exhibited tremendous biocompatibility. Additionally, the Au-APA displayed excellent wound healing efficacy in Wistar rats (female) in a 14-day period, as evinced by the lymphocytes and neutrophils (inflammatory cells) present at the wound site. Altogether, the authors shed light on the fruitful clinical application of the homogenous scaffold materials for wound dressing in the near future, as shown in Figure 9.3.
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
In vivo and in vitro studies report that placement of exogenous growth factors, particularly TGF-β and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), on exposed pulps, have demonstrated the potential of these molecules to signal reparative dentinogenic events. In application of growth factors to exposed pulps in capping conditions, growth factors stimulated reparative responses, but the reparative dentin matrix secreted showed variable structure ranging from a tubular matrix like physiological dentin, to atubular osteodentin-like matrices (Rutherford et al. 1994; Nakashima 1994a; Hu et al. 1998). The TGF-β family of growth factors as well as different components of the matrix have been demonstrated as chemotactocos for mesenchymal cells and the migration of these cells to the sites of damage. TGF-β1 regulates a wide range of cellular activities, such as cell migration, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. TGF-β1 has been shown to increase cell proliferation and production of the ECM in dental pulp tissue culture, and promotes odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells (Massagué et al. 2000; Verrecchia and Mauviel 2002; Lambert et al. 2011). BMPs include a subgroup of the TGF-β superfamily and are involved in biological activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. BMPs have osteoinductive and chondrogenic effects. More than 20 BMPs have been identified and characterized; its activity is regulated by the antagonists of BMPs such as noggin and chordin; this modulation has a critical role in tooth development (Chen et al. 2004). BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 and BMP 11 are of clinical significance due to their role in inducing mineralization. Bovine dental pulp cells treated with BMP2 and BMP4 differentiate into pre-odontoblasts (Nakashima et al. 1994b). Dentin sialophosphoprotein expression and odontoblastic differentiation are regulated via BMP2. It also stimulates the differentiation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells into odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro (Iohara et al. 2004; Chen et al. 2008). BMP7 or osteogenic protein-1, promotes dentin formation when placed over amputated dental pulp in animal models (Rutherford et al. 1994; Rutherford and Gu 2000; Six et al. 2002). Dental pulp cells transfected with BMP11 or GDF11, promotes mineralization. Dentin matrix protein 1, ALP, DSPP, enamelysin and phosphate-regulating gene are expressed in BMP11-transfected cells. Transplantation of BMP11-transfected cell pellets induces formation of dentin-like tissue on amputated dental pulp in an animal model (Nakashima et al. 2004).
The effect of nanoparticles on pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Rana Shahabi, Mohsen Dehghani, Seyed Ali Javad Moosavi, Bahareh Shahabi, Omid Poordakan, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Leila Aryan, Alireza Ghasempoor, Fatemeh Aghanasiri, Mojdeh Mohseni, Bita Mehravi
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an interstitial lung disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of PF is partly unknown. PF is specified by gradual scarring of lung tissue, lung inflammation, increased fibroblast proliferation, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and demolition of the alveolar structure. These pathologic changes lead to poor ventilation and finally a respiratory failure.1 Different cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play an important role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF- β1) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates the proliferation and transformation of lung fibroblasts and deposition of the extracellular matrix.1
A concise review on drug-loaded electrospun nanofibres as promising wound dressings
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Farzaneh Aavani, Sajedeh Khorshidi, Akbar Karkhaneh
The transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide regulatory molecule that controls and runs a lot of functional and vital activities in human body such as cellular functions, including cell growth and differentiation, ECM production, motility, and immune function. Like other regulatory and signalling factors, TGF-β1 has very important role in wound-healing process. This signalling factor has been found to be increased in the chronic phase of irradiated wound healing. Fibroblast proliferation, transformation to myofibroblasts, and stimulation of ECM production are all controlled by growth factors, primarily TGF-β1. It is well established that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a signalling factor, could induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation [63].
Enhanced efficacy of transforming growth factor-β1 loaded an injectable cross-linked thiolated chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Zefeng Zhang, Shufeng Lin, Yipeng Yan, Xiaoxuan You, Hui Ye
TGF-β1 release property of TCS/CMC hydrogels system in vitro to be quantified, the TGF-β1 (10 μg/mL) loaded TCS/CMC hydrogels was cross-linked for one minute. In brief, 15 mg TCS/CMC hydrogels with TGF-β1 loaded were absorbed into 1 mL 1× PBS in sterile tubes and were then incubated in a shuddering water bath at 135 rpm at 37 °C (n = 3). At predetermined time intervals days at 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 after incubation. The TCS/CMC hydrogels solution was centrifuged, and the complete supernatant was collected for the drug release test at each predetermined time point. According to the manufacturer's protocol, the volume of TGF-β1 was measured using a sandwich ELISA package specific for TGF-β1 (R&D systems, USA).