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Drug-Induced Autoimmunity
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Robert L. Rubin, Anke Kretz-Rommel
Drugs which appear to exacerbate SLE include antibiotics, anticonvulsants, hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and dermatologic agents. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, griseofulvin, piroxicam, and benoxaprofen are reported to be photosensitizers of varying frequency; the rash or dermatitis related to these drugs typically has a history of rapid onset and behaves as a drug hypersensitivity-type reaction that may be triggered by exposure to ultraviolet light. The majority of adverse drug reactions in previously diagnosed SLE patients are of this category.10,11 Another, possibly related category of patients are those with acute or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus related to photoactive medications; these patients may have systemic disease and can fulfill criteria for a diagnosis of SLE.13 Some of these drugs are also associated with typical drug-induced lupus and are included in Table 2. Drug-induced aseptic meningitis in SLE patients is occasionally associated with ibuprofen and other NSAIDs (e.g., sulindac, tolmetin, diclofenac). Hypersensitivity reactions that have been interpreted as initiating or aggravating factors in SLE are associated with hydralazine, sulfonamides, penicillin, para-aminosalacylic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, cimetidine, phenylbutazone, mesantoin and various NSAIDs. Unknown or suspected environmental chemicals such as hair dyes and permanent wave preparations are also occasionally implicated as aggravating agents in SLE and related diseases.
Effect of smoking on superoxide dismutase levels in DM with pulmonary TB patients
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
M.I. Sari, S.S. Widjaja, Z. Amir, D.M. Darlan, D.D. Wijaya
Cigarette smoke is one of the exogenous sources of free radicals (oxidants). This is a factor in the occurrence of systemic disease and organ damage, including the pancreas. It happens via the pathway of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase enzyme. Inhibition of this enzyme causes a decrease of adiponectin secretion. This process can decrease the insulin sensitivity, which directly disrupts the process of glucose metabolism (Hilawe et al., 2015). Oxidative stress also increases the levels of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones affect the sympathetic nervous system and increase the rate of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis that causes hyperglycaemia (Vu et al., 2014). Both of these pathways will cause metabolic disorders such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (Hilawe et al., 2015; Vu et al., 2014). The condition of hyperglycaemia in people with DM will lead to auto oxidative glucose reactions, protein glycation and the activation of polyol metabolism pathways that will accelerate the formation of free radicals, and this can cause damage to the organs.
Comparison of Lower-Extremities Bioimpedance Models Diagnostic Efficiency
Published in J. Middleton, M. L. Jones, G. N. Pande, Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering – 2, 2020
S. Tonković, I. Tonković, D. Voloder
Ischaemia of the lower extremities may be the first manifestation of systemic disease or a disease of a distant organ system, or it may represent the end stage of progressive atherosclerosis. The most common complaint of patients with lower extremities arterial occlusive disease is pain. The symptom of lower-extremity arterial insufficiency range from claudication to night pain, and finally to tissue necrosis and gangrene. Compartmental syndrome [1,2], a very frequent and severe circulation disturbance in lower extremities, is a condition in which increased tissue pressure compromises the circulation and function of the tissue within that space. Usually, it requires an immediate diagnostic finding and surgical treatment. Although there is no consensus regarding which procedures are most appropriate for the evaluation of lower extremity arterial insufficiency, some of them such as Doppler arterial survey, limb pressure measurements, stress testing, ultrasound angiography, pressure index, appear most appropriate. The standard clinical diagnostic procedures are either painful for patients (for example, pressure measurements), complex, time consuming, expensive or require highly skilled team. We explored the possibility of compartmental syndrome detection using multiple frequency bioimpedance measurements and bipolar technique [3], measuring the impedance magnitude and phase angle in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The electrical impedance (or “bioimpedance”) of living tissues is determined by the shape, alignment, and distribution of cells, and the amount and distribution of interstitial and extracellular fluids [4,5]. The results proved this possibility, specially on the patients with “one extremity syndrome” (only one leg with compartmental syndrome) and show high correlation between bioimpedance changes and the disease seriousness or compartmental pressure, measured using Wick technique [6].
SIREN – smart ventilation for infection risk mitigation and HVAC energy efficiency: a case study amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2023
Zhihong Pang, Xing Lu, Pingfan Hu, Zheng O’Neill, Qingsheng Wang
Declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) (WHO 2020) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arguably one of the deadliest global pandemics in human history (Prabhu and Gergen 2021), and among the most devastating public health crises in recent decades (Rose-Redwood et al. 2020). It was estimated that the COVID-19 pandemic had led to approximately 15 million (ranging from 13.3 million to 16.6 million) direct and indirect deaths worldwide since its first outbreak (Adam 2022). A recent review by Zarei et al. (2021) suggested that COVID-19 was a pan-systemic disease affecting multi-organ, but the pathophysiology is yet unclear and demands future studies to provide a proper guideline. Adverse effects of COVID-19 on human health include a wide range of symptoms ranging from mild to severe, such as fevers, cough, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, etc. (U.S. CDC 2022). Islam et al. (2021) estimated that COVID-19 had partly resulted in a reduction of 2.32, 1.98, and 1.35 years to the life expectancy of Russia, the U.S., and Italy in 2020, respectively.
Usefulness of insertable cardiac monitors for risk stratification: current indications and clinical evidence
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Amira Assaf, Dominic AMJ Theuns, Michelle Michels, Jolien Roos-Hesselink, Tamas Szili-Torok, Sing-Chien Yap
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown cause, characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas [89]. It is most often associated with pulmonary involvement, but any organ may be involved, including the heart. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) might be the first presentation or can develop subsequently and is present in up to 25% of patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis according to autopsy studies [90]. Imaging studies, including CMR or positron emission tomography (PET), have increased the detection of CS [91,92]. Clinical manifestations of CS are conduction abnormalities, VA, SCD, and LV dysfunction with or without heart failure [93]. The current European and American guidelines recommend (class I) a primary prevention ICD for CS patients with LVEF ≤35% [17,18]. A primary prevention ICD should also be considered (class IIa) in CS patients with LVEF >35% and significant scar on CMR, LVEF >35% and inducible VA [94,95], and those with an indication for permanent pacing regardless of LVEF [17,18]. Patients with CS and ICD are not only at high risk for VA, including those with LVEF >35%, but also for inappropriate shocks (13–24%) and device complications (15–17%) [96,97].
Short- and long-term reliability of leg extensor power measurement in middle-aged and older adults
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Christopher Hurst, Alan M Batterham, Kathryn L Weston, Matthew Weston
A total of 72 community-dwelling adults aged 50–83 years took part in this investigation. Participants were physically active but were not currently, and had not in the previous year, engaged in structured exercise more than twice per week. Participants were recruited via word of mouth and advertisement at local fitness clubs, community groups and local offices. Prior to enrolment, all participants completed a medical screening questionnaire to identify any medical issues that could affect their ability to perform the required exercise. Participants with pre-existing, lower-body musculoskeletal complaints or systemic disease (e.g. diabetes mellitus, cancer, heart disease) were excluded. Following initial screening participants were excluded because of pre-existing musculoskeletal problems (n = 8) and engaging in structured exercise training (n = 3). Six participants withdrew citing lack of time while one participant withdrew during the investigation because of an injury unrelated to the study. The final sample consisted of 38 males (age: 62.5 ± 8.2 years; height: 175.0 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 88.4 ± 13.8 kg) and 34 females (age: 62.8 ± 9.2 years; height: 162.5 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 73.1 ± 15.9 kg). All individual subjects provided written, informed consent to participate in the study, which conformed to the requirements of The Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by Teesside University Research and Ethics Committee.