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Published in Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov, Natural-Based Polymers for Biomedical Applications, 2017
Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov
Suture materials should have a number of different properties, including mechanical strength, the ability to hold the edges of the sutured wounds and tissues together, biological safety, and ease of use (ease on hands, ease of tying, and ease of sterilization). In recent years, much research effort has been focused on designing biodegradable surgical sutures. Biodegradable surgical suture material must be able to hold the tissue together following separation by surgery, be sufficiently elastic, and be gradually resorbed at rates corresponding to the rate of tissue regeneration. Material degradation products must be easily eliminated from the implant site, be completely harmless to the body, causing no unfavorable responses of the surrounding tissues or the body as a whole. The most stringent demands are placed on the suture material used to construct anastomoses and intestinal sutures, particularly in the surgery of the colon, because it has thin walls and because of the presence of aggressive microflora and active enzymes in the colon. The most common technique of connecting intestinal loops is ligature, and the most common anastomosis is double layer anastomosis. The availability of synthetic suture materials (Vicryl, Maxon, Polysorb) has encouraged the common use of single layer suturing, which is more convenient for the surgeon and less traumatic for the patient. There is great activity in developing biocompatible polymer coatings for synthetic suture materials and fully resorbable polymer sutures. Surgical sutures are made of natural and synthetic polymers. Non-degradable sutures made of synthetic polymers like polypropylene (Prolene, Surgilene, Deklene), polyamides (Surgilin, Dermalon, Nylon 66, Polyamide 6), and halogen-containing polymers (Gore-Tex, FUMALEN®) are used to construct deep buried sutures. They remain indefinitely intact when placed in the body, with fibrous tissue encapsulating them. If these materials are used for surface sutures, the thread is pulled out after the tissue heals.
Protein–based electrospun nanofibers: electrospinning conditions, biomedical applications, prospects, and challenges
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Md Nur Uddin, Md. Jobaer, Sajjatul Islam Mahedi, Ayub Ali
The versatility of collagen in drug delivery is remarkable. Collagen can be dissolved in water and molded into various delivery systems. Collagen is primarily used as a drug delivery material in the following applications: collagen shields in ophthalmology (Lee et al., 2001), sponges for wounds (Panduranga Rao, 1995), small pellets and tablets for protein delivery (Lucas et al., 1990), gel formulation in the mix with liposomes for continued drug delivery (JoséFonseca et al., 1996), as controlling material for transdermal delivery (Thacharodi & Rao, 1996), and nanoparticles for gene delivery (Rössler et al., 1994). Moreover, it is employed as a surgical suture (Miller et al., 1964), hemostatic agents (Cameron, 1978), and tissue engineering, including essential lattices for cell culture systems (Kemp, 2000), and substitution for artificial veins and valves (Chevallay & Herbage, 2000).
Methods of synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates: a review
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Mădălina Elena Grigore, Ramona Marina Grigorescu, Lorena Iancu, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Cătălin Zaharia, Elena Ramona Andrei
In the last several years, PHAs were the subject of intense research because their ideal characteristics, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, crystallinity and thermal and mechanical properties. With the new technologies of the moment and their properties, PHAs can be tailored for specific medical applications. A wide range of new applications for PHA polymers has been recently described and includes their use as surgical suture, scaffolds in particular for cartilage tissue engineering, grafts and heart valves, drug delivery systems, cosmetic containers, films used in post-surgery recovery, stents, neuronal regeneration and in bone tissue engineering.
Surgical applications of intracorporal tissue adhesive agents: current evidence and future development
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Nicholas Gillman, David Lloyd, Randy Bindra, Rui Ruan, Minghao Zheng
Currently, in many tissue closure cases, especially in high-tension or high-pressure areas, the surgical suture is irreplaceable. This may change as researchers continue to design adhesives that focus on strengthening the mechanical properties of future adhesive agents. One strategy which may achieve this is utilizing multiple crosslinking. Using this strategy, Ouyang et.al developed an adhesive, hemostatic hydrogel for application in aortic and cardiac trauma. In this study, a formula composed of 5% methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), 1.25% N-(2- aminoethyl)−4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)−2-methoxy-5-nitrosophe- noxy) butanamide (NB) linked to the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA-NB), with 0.1% lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), acting as the polymerization initiator, was used. The crosslinking process initially occurred via UV-activated crosslinking of methacrylic anhydride, and the second network was formed through dynamic covalent bonding caused by extensive Schiff base formation. The hydrogel reach supraphysiological mean burst pressure, withstanding up to 290 mm Hg blood pressure and successfully arrested high-pressure bleeding in a model simulating cardiac penetration using pig carotid arteries with a 4 ~ 5 mm-long incision with a 6 mm diameter [220]. Another study reported by Wang et.al showed that multiple crosslinking between a dopamine-conjugated gelatin macromer, Fe3+, acting as a rapid crosslinker, and Genipin, acting as a long-term crosslinker, displayed 24-fold higher than that of commercial fibrin glue in ex-vivo cartilage gluing, reaching an adhesive strength of 194.4 ± 20.7 kPa [221]. The biocompatibility and feasibility of seroma prevention of the product were further confirmed in a rat mastectomy model [222]. Lee et al. combined two bio-mimetic adhesives, namely mussel and gecko, to develop a hybrid bio-inspired adhesive. The mussel-gecko-inspired tissue adhesive could preserve adhesive strength after repeated detachment-reattachment cycles. The hybrid adhesive tackles the limitation of gecko-inspired fibrillar adhesives by showing good adhesive capacity in wet conditions [217]. By utilizing the multiple crosslinking strategy using a PEG base, Mizrahia et.al developed a sealant composed of two functionalized PEG4 pre-polymers. One is modified with amine groups (PEG4-NH2), the other with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-esters (PEG4-NHS). Crosslinking between NHS and NH2 provides cohesion within the sealant while crosslinking with amine groups from adjacent tissue surfaces provides adhesive strength. The sealant system displayed desirable mechanical properties, an adhesive strength 50–170 kPa and burst pressure up to 70 mmHg, good biocompatibility, and mechanical and rheological tunability through adjustment of the concentration of the PEG4-NHS pre-polymer [16].