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The Ingenious Engineering of the Smart Grid
Published in Rocky Dr. Termanini, The Nano Age of Digital Immunity Infrastructure Fundamentals and Applications, 2018
The City’s main Smart Nano Grid (CSG) is much more than a meshed pipeline connected together. It is totally autonomic, self-healing, and self-managing, offers concrete durability, and has its own AI-centric operating system. The grid has multiple services—not just power. The Smart City Nano Grid (CSG) has many advanced features that make it suitable for Smart City cybersecurity. Here are some of the fascinating properties of carbon nanotubes—the main structure of the nanogrid: They’re very strong. Tensile strength is a measure of the amount of force an object can withstand without tearing. The tensile strength of carbon nanotubes is approximately 100 times greater than that of steel of the same diameter. Nanotubes are not only strong but are also elastic. Carbon nanotubes conduct electricity better than metals. When electrons travel through metal, there is some resistance to their movement. This resistance happens when electrons bump into metal atoms. When an electron travels through a carbon nanotube, it’s traveling under the rules of quantum mechanics, and so it behaves like a wave traveling down a smooth channel with no atoms to bump into. This quantum movement of an electron within nanotubes is called ballistic transport, which is going to be used by Smart Vaccine™ Nanobots (SVNanobots) in fighting adversary Soft Cyborg Nanobots. The Smart Vaccine Nano Grid will have a similar structure to the city nanogrid.
Background
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
Improvements in energy efficiency can contribute for the reduction of fuel usage. One idea is to use light-weight materials for vehicles. Some attempts have been made for ultra-high tensile strength steels, carbon-fiber reinforced composite materials, aluminium and magnesium alloys, and polymers (Gibbs et al. 2012). The potential of reducing the weight of vehicles such as cars and airplanes has already been shown without sacrificing safety, and it is expected to reduce more about 20-40% (Powers 2000). It is estimated that for every 10% weight reduction of the vehicle, 6-8% of improvement is expected in fuel consumption (Holmberg et al. 2012). Moreover, the reduction of the friction loss in vehicles may also contribute for the efficient energy usage, where several attempts have been made for the development of cost effective technologies such as tyres, braking and waste-heat energy recovery, etc. (Holmberg et al. 2012), where Rankin cycle may be utilized to convert waste heat to work by low-cost and high efficiency solid state thermoelectric systems (Yang and Caillat 2006).
Fibers and geosynthetics
Published in Bujang B. K. Huat, Arun Prasad, Sina Kazemian, Vivi Anggraini, Ground Improvement Techniques, 2019
Bujang B. K. Huat, Arun Prasad, Sina Kazemian, Vivi Anggraini
Many published experimental studies implicitly assume that the fibers are randomly oriented throughout the soil mass (Anggraini et al., 2016a). Such a distribution of orientation would preserve the soil strength isotropy and eventually avoid or delay formation of localised deformation planes. However, it has been found that the most common procedure for preparing reinforced specimens, tamping, leads to preferred sub-horizontal orientation of fibers. Soil reinforcement with fiber (natural and synthetic) has been and is still a popular and frequently used approach which is globally applied, as discussed by various researchers (Freitag, 1986; Maher and Ho, 1994; Prabakar and Sridhar, 2002; Kaniraj and Gayathri, 2003; Park and Tan, 2005; Anggraini et al., 2017; Mirzababaei et al., 2018). The application of synthetic fibers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), polypropylene (PP) and glass has also been extensively discussed (Park, 2011; Musenda, 1999; Consoli et al., 2004). Recent findings have also indicated the possibility of the application of nylon, polyethylene and steel fibers, which have high tensile strength and durability.
Tensile strength and elongation of selected Kenaf fibres of Ghana
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
George Ansong, Yesuenyeagbe A.K. Fiagbe, Antonia Y. Tetteh, Francis Davis
The tensile strength can be defined as the maximum stress that a material can bear before breaking when it is allowed to be stretched or pulled. The tensile strength of the fibre strand was obtained from the test result and found to range from 734.53 MPa for EB31 to 1365.14 MPa for HN11. For the genotypes, the tensile strengths are found to be 734.53 MPa (EB31), 1292.37 MPa (TN11), 1241.53 MPa (EN31), 979.35 MPa (PN11) and 1365.14MPa (HN11). The tensile strength for the EB31 genotype ranges from 242.03 MPa to 1450.27 MPa; that of TN11 ranges from 630.28 to 2300.95 MPa; EN31 from 912.47 MPa to 2076.63 MPa; PN11 from 388.25 MPa to 2302.48 MPa and for the HN11 genotype, it ranges from 405.03 MPa to 2624.89 MPa. The tensile strength result is presented in Figure 5.
Recovery of Al2O3/Al powder from aluminum dross to utilize as reinforcement along with graphene in the synthesis of aluminum-based composite
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, Shubham Sharma
Figure 13 shows the tensile strength behavior of microwave-sintered composite material with the variable weight percent of Graphene ceramic particles. Tensile samples were prepared according to ASTM E8 standard with a gauge length of 36 mm and gauge diameter of 6 mm in the present study. Results showed that by adding the 5 wt. % of Aluminum dross powder and 5 wt. % of Graphene ceramic particles in aluminum by microwave sintering technique, about 58.77% tensile strength was improved. The formation of finer grain size is the main reason for the increase in tensile strength. Due to the formation of finer grain sizes, smaller grain boundaries develop. Due to smaller grain boundaries, the resistance force increases with respect to the applied external load on the material, which is one of the main reasons for the increase in tensile strength. However, the occurrence of low porosity is also another reason for the increase in tensile strength.
A review on parameters affecting properties of biomaterial SS 316L
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Microstructure helps to study material properties such as tensile strength, grain size, porosity, impact hardness and ductility. Many researches have studied impact of cooling rate on grain size, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, secondary phase precipitates, elongation of cast part, secondary dendrite arm spacing, porosity, and yield strength. Kaiser et al., has observed that increase in cooling rate results in decrement in size and area fraction of carbides, increment in hardness, increment in mechanical properties such as tensile and yield strength and decrement in pores and ductility. They also observed that low and medium cooling rate sample reduces area fraction of pores and carbides, whereas medium and high cooling rate sample shows little difference. This change in area fraction was affected by the grain size (Kaiser et al. 2013). Ohkubo et al., concluded that mechanical properties were also affected by alloying elements. It was also observed that reduction of C, N, Si, Cr and Mo and addition of Ni, Cu, Mn, decreases the hardness and tensile strength. Main alloying elements are Ni, Mo, and Cr which mainly affect the properties of the material. Ni is an austenite stabiliser whereas Cr is ferrite stabiliser and Mo is added to provide corrosion resistance in chlorine based environment (Ohkubo et al. 1994).