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The Extracellular Matrix as a Substrate for Stem Cell Growth and Development and Tissue Repair
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Stephen F. Badylak, Mervin C. Yoder
ECM scaffolds derived from the urinary bladder submucosa (UBS) have been used for reconstruction of the lower urinary tract and have shown remodeling and healing that is atypical for adult mammals.50-62 The UBS scaffolds have been either allogeneic or xenogeneic in origin and have been used both alone and with cultured autologous cells. Sections of urethra, ureter, and urinary bladder have shown near normal reconstitution with formation or organized and innervated smooth muscle. There is a substantial body of literature developing that supports the use of intact ECM as a scaffold for tissue repair. More than 100,000 human patients have now been implanted with xenogeneic ECM scaffold derived from the porcine small intestinal submucosa for a variety of applications.
paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
P. S. Sreeja, K. Arunachalam, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
The stomach is an organ of the digestive tract having three parts (fundus, corpus, and antrum), and it is composed of several layers of muscles, smooth and internally covered by a thick layer of mucus. The wall of the stomach has several tissue layers: mucosa, external muscular, and submucosa. The mucosa is the layer of the inner part of the stomach that houses numerous gastric glands; the external muscular layer consists of three layers oblique, internal, and longitudinal circular, and one myoteric plexus; and the submucosa layer is comprised of loose connective tissue and contains a rich vascular network and a plexus, known as the submucosal plexus (Fattini and Dangelo 2007; Schubert and Peura 2008).
General Introductory Topics
Published in Vadim Backman, Adam Wax, Hao F. Zhang, A Laboratory Manual in Biophotonics, 2018
Vadim Backman, Adam Wax, Hao F. Zhang
An organ is formed by a combination of the four basic tissue types. The wall of the alimentary (or gastrointestinal) tract provides a good illustrative example. Its luminal surface is lined by epithelium. Underneath the epithelium, there is a basal lamina. In some organs, a layer of loose connective tissue is present that is called lamina propria. Below it, there is muscularis mucosa, which is a layer of smooth muscle cells. These first three layers (epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa) form the mucosa. Underneath the mucosa, we find a layer appropriately named the submucosa—this is another layer of loose connective tissue. A distinction between the lamina propria and the submucosa is that the former's role is to support the function of the epithelium (which means microcirculation, e.g., pericryptal plexus of small arterioles and capillaries wrapping around crypts), while the latter contains larger blood vessels. Muscularis propria is typically a much thicker layer of muscle. In the case of the colon, it is this muscle that drives peristalsis. The outermost layer is either the serosa or adventitia. The serosa is a thin membrane composed of a layer of connective tissue lined, from the peritoneal cavity side, by mesothelial cells. The serosa is found primarily (with some exceptions) in the peritoneal organs (e.g., most of the gastrointestinal tract, with the exception of a part of the esophagus and part of the rectum). The adventitia, on the other hand, is a thicker layer and is a mixture of different types of connective tissue, including the loose connective tissue in which some adipose (fat) tissue might be present. The adventitia is found in the retroperitoneal organs (e.g., part of the esophagus and the rectum). Among the digestive organs, the thoracic esophagus, ascending colon, descending colon, and the rectum are bound by the adventitia, while the rest are bound by the serosa.
Clinical role of fluorescence imaging in colorectal surgery - an updated review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Amandeep Ghuman, Sandra Kavalukas, Stephen P. Sharp, Steven D. Wexner
One of the earliest reports of using ICG for sentinel lymph nodes was for gastric cancer in 2004 [29]. While the importance of a sentinel node in colorectal cancer is less clear, the lymphatic mapping assisted by intraoperative fluorescence has shown to be beneficial. Methods of administration of the ICG can be either into the subserosa at the level of the tumor, or into the submucosa via preoperative endoscopy. Intraoperatively, 1 cc (5 mg/10 ml concentration) of ICG is injected into the subserosa, with a mean time of 4.3 min to achieve lymphatic visualization with NIR imaging [30]. Lymphatic vessels draining the tumor and round-shaped sentinel nodes are then visualized under NIR imaging.
Possible radio-protective effects of cinnamon on induced mucositis in buccal mucosa of albino rats subjected to gamma radiation
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Khaled E. El-Haddad, Reham M. Amin, Randa H. Mokhtar, Nabil A. El-Faramawy
In the present work, signs of cell degeneration and hindered mitotic figures were detected in irradiated groups. This finding agreed with previous study which reported that gamma radiation is potentially hazardous due to the initiation of oxidative stress and DNA damage at the molecular/cellular level (3). We presented areas of disorganization and defects in the connective tissue of lamina propria, submucosa and perimuscular connective tissue of the irradiated groups. This may be attributed to the radiation induced inflammation is which has been reported previously in the literature indicated by the expression of different inflammatory markers (20).
Does garlic ameliorates histological alterations of induced mucositis in Albino rats subjected to gamma radiation?
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2020
Reham M. Amin, Randa H. Mokhtar, Nabil A. El-Faramawy
The underlying lamina propria consisted of moderately dense vascular connective tissue and cellular elements. Fibroblasts elongated nuclei were oriented parallel to the regular wavy eosinophilic collagen fiber bundles. Few blood vessels were observed within connective tissue. Figure 1(a) showed also that the submucosa was formed of loose fibrous connective tissue with muscle fiber.