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Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Venous blood drains back via the basilic and cephalic veins in the forearm, which are connected by the median cubital vein at the elbow; the layout of the superficial veins in the forearm can vary greatly between individuals. The basilic vein becomes the axillary vein at the deltopectoral triangle and then the subclavian vein at the outer border of the first rib. The subclavian vein joins with the internal jugular vein, draining blood from the head, at the level of the sternoclavicular joint and the two form the brachiocephalic vein (also called the innominate vein). The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge posterior to the junction of the first costal cartilage with the manubrium where they form the SVC, which drains into the right atrium of the heart.
Comparison of mechanical cardiopulmonary support strategies during lung transplantation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Noah Weingarten, Dean Schraufnagel, Gilman Plitt, Anthony Zaki, Kamal S. Ayyat, Haytham Elgharably
VV ECMO entails diverting blood from a large vein to another vein via a circuit consisting of a pump, a heat exchange unit, a gas exchange unit, inflow and outflow cannulas, and associated tubing. Preferably, the outflow cannula is placed in a femoral vein and the inflow cannula is placed in an internal jugular or even subclavian vein to minimize mixing and support gas exchange [48]. However, different configurations can be utilized based on the situation and the patient anatomy, such as femoral-femoral configuration commonly used in emergency cases. As with VA ECMO, the lack of a venous reservoir allows VV ECMO circuits to eliminate the air–blood interface seen in CPB, reduce blood stasis, and function with anticoagulation protocols that are equivalent to or lower than those used in VA ECMO [18].
Modelling uptake and transport of therapeutic agents through the lymphatic system
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
T. D. Jayathungage Don, V. Suresh, J. E. Cater, R. J. Clarke
The lymphatic system itself consists of different conduits, including the capillaries, collecting vessels, lymph nodes, trunks, and ducts. The lymphatic capillaries have an average diameter of 10-40μm (Moore Jr and Bertram 2018). These thin-walled vessels are embedded in the intercellular spaces and are connected to pre-collector vessels (diameter 50-100μm) that drain into the collecting vessels (diameter 50-500μm) situated in deeper tissue (Schmid-Schonbein 1990). This vessel network constitutes the peripheral lymphatics, and feeds into the central lymphatic vessels that ultimately return fluid to the right internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein.
Complexions therapy and severe intoxication by Thallium salts
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Maria Rayisyan, Natalia Zakharova, Liudmila Babaskina
Hemodialysis (HD) was performed using FRESENIUS 4008H device (FRESENIUS, France) with a blood flow rate of 200 mL/min, ultrafiltration volume of 4.5 ± 0.5 l, and ultrafiltration rate of 0.08 mL/h. Subclavian vein catheterization was performed for hemodialysis. While performing HD with chemosorption, a column circuit was placed at the end of the session after the dialyzer with a volume of 450 cm3. Perfusion volume amounted to 10.0 ± 1.0 l, and the duration was 45–55 min. Hemodialysis was performed until the thallium concentration in the blood decreased to less than 10.0 µg/L.