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Biomedical and Diagnostic Applications of Iron-based Nanomaterials
Published in Piyal Mondal, Mihir Kumar Purkait, Green Synthesized Iron-based Nanomaterials, 2023
Piyal Mondal, Mihir Kumar Purkait
The different cell populations of iron oxide nanoparticles are extracted from bone marrow cells which show various effects on G-CSF or MSCs or BMCs. The cure involving IONPs accelerates functional and morphological progress which may be more effective in curing the bone marrow cells, where the bone marrow cell cure and effect of the NPs lead to focus on the target area. In a similar study by Tumovcova et al. (2009), it was demonstrated that human mesenchymal stromal cells can be effective tools for future clinical application, however, their implication demands fast cell expansion in culture media applicable for clinical use. This encouraged them to study the effect of different culture media on development of colony, population doubling time, cycle of the cell and surface marker expression. The selection of the used serum affects the hMSC expansion and cell characteristics; α-MEM supplemented with hABS appears as an effective contender for clinical use.
Regeneration of Cardiomyocytes from Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Application to Cell Transplantation Therapy
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Recent reports have demonstrated the existence of pluripotent stem cells in adult tissues. Roy et al reported the existence of neural stem cells in the brain that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in vitro.5 Marrow stromal cells have been shown to possess many characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells,6 and pluripotent progenitor marrow stromal cells can differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts,7,8 myocytes,9 adipocytes, tenocytes, and chondroblasts.10 We recently reported the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes after exposure to 5-azacytidine and the establishment of cell line CMG (cardiomyogenic) that differentiates into cardiomyocytes in vitro.11 CMG cells exhibit spontaneous beating and express atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and they may provide a useful and powerful tool for cardiomyocyte transplantation after further characterization of their cardio-myocyte phenotype.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
The ability of bone to remodel, along with the capacity of bone tissue to heal and regenerate following damage, supports the concept of a stem cell population within post-natal bone marrow. Bone marrow consists of hematopoietic and stromal compartments, and it has long been acknowledged as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Bone marrow cell suspensions include both HSCs and stromal cells. Stromal cells form stromal tissue which tends to function as a scaffold, composed of a cell network that provides physical and functional support to HSCs. Stromal cells are able to adhere to tissue culture plastic, while extraction of HSCs is made easier by the fact that they are non-adherent and can be readily removed from stromal cell cultures by simple washes (Black et al., 2015).
Optimizing the biodegradability and osteogenesis of biogenic collagen membrane via fluoride-modified polymer-induced liquid precursor process
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Xiyan Li, Chuangji Li, Mengxi Su, Xinyi Zhong, Yihan Xing, Zhengjie Shan, Shoucheng Chen, Xingchen Liu, Xiayi Wu, Quan Liu, Ye Li, Shiyu Wu, Zhuofan Chen
At present, collagen membrane modification is mainly based on a cross-linking strategy combined with the addition of growth factors. The cross-linking technique using glutaraldehyde, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, and ribose has been shown to enhance the anti-degradation properties of collagen-based materials [4–6]. Growth factors have been used to endow the collagen membrane with additional biological functions, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha [7], basic fibroblast growth factor [8], interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma [9,10]. However, few cross-linking agents have low cytotoxicity [6], and the exogenous protein products result in issues, such as evoking additional oxidative stress on cells as well as the high cost and complex fabrication of protein additives [11]. Therefore, further improvements are required to optimize the properties of the collagen membrane.
Cellular therapy for myocardial ischemia using a temperature-responsive biodegradable injectable polymer system with adipose-derived stem cells
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Yuta Yoshizaki, Masaaki Ii, Hiroki Takai, Nozomi Mayumi, Soichiro Fujiwara, Akinori Kuzuya, Yuichi Ohya
Other mRNA expressions were also investigated; the results are shown in Figure 6(c-Figure 6h). Among them, the expression levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Figure 6(e)) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) (Figure 6(h)) of IP hydrogel-cultured AdSCs were approximately equal to or higher than those in the TCPS dish. The results of IP(A25) hydrogel were higher than those of IP(P) hydrogel. Conversely, the expression levels of tumor necrosis-inducing gene 6 (TSG-6) (Figure 6(c)) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) (Figure 6(f)) in both IP(P) and IP(A25) were lower than those in the TCPS dish. For fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) (Figure 6(d)) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) (chemokines, which are known to promote angiogenesis (Figure 6(d))), their expression levels in IP hydrogels were lower than in TCPS dish for the first 4 days but increased to levels similar to TCPS after 7 days. These differences in gene expression must be due to the elastic moduli-dependent differences in mechanical stimuli of the IP hydrogels and TCPS. Overall, we proposed that AdSCs cultured in IP(A25) hydrogels almost maintained their physiological properties and retain their ability to secrete major cytokines.
Evaluation of a peptide motif designed for protein tethering to polymer surfaces
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Ayana Nakano, Isao Hirata, Binh Vinh Pham, Ajay Shakya, Kotaro Tanimoto, Koichi Kato
To evaluate the feasibility of KL5 as a peptide motif for protein tethering, we prepared KL5-fusion proteins as well as their control counterparts (Scheme 1). The partner proteins included epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). These three proteins are dissimilar in their structure and physical properties, yet three of them have potential applications in tissue engineering. The fusion proteins were tested for their binding onto the surface of several polymers including polystyrene (PS), hydrophilized PS, and polycaprolactone (PCL). We selected these polymers according to their utility in cell culture and tissue engineering. To understand the results of the binding assays, the structure of the fusion proteins was predicted by ab initio computer simulation and analyzed empirically by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. As we will discuss later, EGF fused with the KL peptide effectively adsorbed onto the polymer surfaces, and therefore, further study was conducted to evaluate whether the EGF-tethered surface had an impact on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on the surface or not.