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Fundamental Concepts and Techniques
Published in Edmilson Costa Teixeira, William Bonino Rauen, Hydrodynamic Design and Assessment of Water and Wastewater Treatment Units, 2019
Edmilson Costa Teixeira, William Bonino Rauen
Molecular diffusion: fluid spread caused by random molecular movement, usually 3D and isotropic; intensity represented by the molecular diffusion coefficient (D); usually not very perceptible in flowing fluids as occurs at a lower rate than other processes described herein (molecules take a long time to travel macroscopic distances!).
Extraction of hottest blood vessels from breast thermograms using state-of-the-art image segmentation methods
Published in Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2022
After obtaining the breast region i.e. ROI from the previous step, the next step is hotspot segmentation. Segmentation is a process of identifying which pixels belong together. The hotspots in the thermogram are capable of pointing out an abnormality and the spread of malignancy. Segmentation techniques are edge-based, threshold-based and region-based. Semiautomatic or manual techniques can be used when it is necessary to define the ROI with a physician’s support. Unclear edges and varied shapes of hotspots in every thermogram make segmentation an arduous task. This study employs four state-of-the-art segmentation methods, namely, K-means clustering based segmentation, FCM clustering-based segmentation, multi-seeded region growing segmentation and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm to extract suspicious thermal patches from abnormal thermograms. An additional recently introduced optimised method of image segmentation i.e. Pythagorean FCM clustering [35] is also tested. In absence of ground truth images, it becomes difficult to comment on the proficiency of any segmentation method. Hence, ground truth was created to verify the competence of all the methods in successfully segmenting the hotspots using the GIMP software [36] (used by physicians). Figure 2 presents the flowchart for segmentation of blood vessels from the breast thermal scans. In the following subsections, a short description of the five image segmentation methods used is provided.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new Zn(II) complex with anti-leukemia activity
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Shang-Liang Chen, Xiao-Yan Liu, Shao-Chang Li, Chaoyu Wu, Zhi-Yi Li, Ting-Ting Li
In the previous study, we have revealed that nano 1 could significantly reduce the viability and proliferation of the ARH-77 human leukemia cells. However, migration and invasion were also the classical character of the cancer cells, which made the cancer cells spread to and invade other tissues. And the influence of nano 1 on the ARH-77 cells migration and invasion ability were still unclear. Thus, in this present research, the trans-well assays were performed to detect the ARH-77 cells migration and invasion ability. The results in Figure 4 suggested that compared with the control groups, the numbers of the migrated (A) and invaded (B) cells were obviously reduced under the treatment of nano 1. These results suggested nano 1 has a significant inhibitory effect on invasion and migration of the ARH-77 cells in vitro, which could reduce the rate of cancer cells spread to other tissues.
Re-Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Drug Resistance Microarray Datasets with Machine Learning
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2023
Çiğdem Erol, Tchare Adnaane Bawa, Yalçın Özkan
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in many countries of the world (Jemal et al. 2010). Depending on its histological structure, it is divided into two groups small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common, accounting for approximately 85% of lung cancers, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 5% (Mendoza et al. 2020). There are 3 subtypes of NSCLC: adenocarcinoma (40%), squamous cell carcinoma (30-35%) including bronchoalveolar carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma (5-15%) (Ma et al. 2005). After the diagnosis of cancer, staging is done according to the spread of cancer. NSCLC has five stages from zero to four. The severity of the disease starts from zero and gradually increases.