China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Laminectomy is a procedure necessary to gain surgical access to the spinal canal. Whether just one lamina is removed or both lamina and the spinous process are to be excised depends on the location and nature of the spinous pathology (Figure 10.69). Spinal tumor removal or correction of spinal stenosis generally require a bilateral laminectomy. Decompression of a herniated disk pressing on a nerve root may require only a unilateral procedure. Whichever operation is performed, the bone is not replaced afterward, leaving a “window” of thermal conduction from the circulating cerebrospinal fluid to the skin above. This postoperative increased warmth over the spine will appear in the midline in the case of bilateral laminectomy, and just lateral to the midline when a unilateral laminectomy has been performed (Figure 10.70).
Lysosomal Storage Disorders and Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Individuals with MPS II grow steadily until about age 5 and develop first features of this disease between ages 2 and 4 (full lips, large rounded cheeks, a broad nose, and an enlarged tongue, and frequent upper respiratory infections, due to airway narrowing). With disease progression nearly all organs and tissues become affected; this leads among others—apart from possible macrocephaly and hydrocephalus—to enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), and enlarged heart (ventricular hypertrophy) due to heart valve abnormalities that may result in heart failure, too. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) mediated by compression of the median nerve goes along with symptoms like pain, numbness, and tingling in fingers and the hands, and by narrowing the spinal canal the spinal cord becomes damaged (spinal stenosis). MPS II patients may also suffer from reduced vision and may develop hearing loss. Persons with this disease are of short stature (because growth slows beyond age 5), have joint deformities with the consequence of reduced mobility, and dysostosis multiplex which means severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone together with mental retardation. In patients with severe MPS II the disease progresses rapidly with loss of basic functional skills and mental retardation between ages 6 and 8 and the life expectancy is 10 to 20 years (Jones et al., 2009). Individuals with the mild form of MPS II may live into adulthood and their intelligence is not or comparatively slightly affected (Wraith et al., 2008; NIH, 2018, 2018).
Imaging of the spine
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
o The interpedicular distance decreases on descent down the cervical spine to T5, and thereafter increases through-out the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. This is the distance between the inner aspects of the pedicles and represents the transverse diameter of the spinal canal. The pedicles may be eroded in malignancy; an absent pedicle may be the only evidence of bony metastases. Second, long-standing or slow-growing intradural abnormalities within the spinal canal may lead to slow erosion of the pedicles and widening of the interpedicu- lar distance. Achondroplasia leads to congenital spinal stenosis and a decreased interpedicular distance.
Endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a comprehensive review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Yong Ahn, Myung Soo Youn, Dong Hwa Heo
Due to substantial technological advancements, endoscopic lumbar discectomy and decompression for spinal stenosis have become accessible in clinical practice. Endoscopic lumbar decompression is no longer a minimally effective procedure. For example, the effectiveness of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy has been proven in many randomized trials and systematic reviews. After some learning period and once the technique is mastered, endoscopic decompression may serve as a more effective and less traumatic surgical option. Given the success of endoscopic technologies in spine surgery, it is envisioned that such approaches may be adapted to provide a practical and minimally invasive solution in spinal fusion surgery. Compared to open TLIF, MIS-TLIF has been regarded as the standard minimally invasive lumbar fusion technique. However, endoscopic TLIF may be even more minimalistic in terms of invasiveness. From a technical perspective, endoscopic TLIF is expected to provide key advantages such as minimal tissue trauma, low rate of complications, reduced hospitalization, earlier recovery, and better cost-effectiveness. In particular, endoscopic TLIF may be useful in elderly or medically compromised patients who represent the high-risk group for extensive open surgery under general anesthesia.
Treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly patients using percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with postoperative three-dimensional traction
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Dexin Hu, Jun Fei, Genjun Chen, Yongjie Yu, Zhen Lai
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common orthopedic disease in patients more than 40 years old, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients [1,2]. Lumbar spinal stenosis causes waist and leg pain, difficulty in walking, and may even result in abnormal urine and paraplegia [3]. The incidence of lumbar spinal stenosis has increased due to the aging Chinese population [2].