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Behind the Scenes
Published in Ivana Špelić, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić, Anica Hursa Šajatović, Standard Methods for Thermal Comfort Assessment of Clothing, 2019
Ivana Špelić, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić, Anica Hursa Šajatović
The somatosensory system is a diverse sensory system comprising receptors and processing centres that produce sensory modalities, such as touch (tactile sensation), proprioception (body position), temperature and pain (nociception) (Bell and Rhoades, 2013).
Advances in Neuroprosthetics
Published in Chang S. Nam, Anton Nijholt, Fabien Lotte, Brain–Computer Interfaces Handbook, 2018
The multimodal somatosensory system, which plays a perpetual and ubiquitous role in providing a range of essential bodily and environmental information—touch, pressure, pain, tickle, itch, vibration, temperature, proprioception, and bodily movement (kinesthesis), all of which interact (Rincon-Gonzalez et al. 2011)—differs from sight, hearing, taste, and smell in not being mediated by a specifically located sense organ. Since disease, trauma, and amputation can reduce or eliminate somatosensory sensation, research is pursuing the capacity to restore somatosensory awareness with neuroprosthetics.
Gaze Interaction With Vibrotactile Feedback: Review and Design Guidelines
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2020
Jussi Rantala, Päivi Majaranta, Jari Kangas, Poika Isokoski, Deepak Akkil, Oleg Špakov, Roope Raisamo
Haptics refers to “sensory and/or motor activity based in the skin, muscles, joints and tendons” (ISO, 2009). This activity is processed in the human somatosensory system, which can be divided into proprioception, kinesthesis, and cutaneous senses (Goldstein, 1999). Proprioception and kinesthesis are related to the sense of position and movement of our limbs. They enable us to feel forces that can be created with haptic technology. However, many haptic force feedback devices are not suitable for mobile use because they are large and need to be attached to a surface. Cutaneous sensations, on the other hand, are mediated by the skin. In this article, we focus on tactile stimulation, which refers to mechanical interaction with the skin (Kern, 2009). A typical tactile stimulation type is vibration.
Occupant–vehicle dynamics and the role of the internal model
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2018
The somatosensory system detects information about the surface or internal state of the body. Somatosensors include muscle spindles: the muscle fibres that detect length and rate of change of length. They play an important role in the stretch reflex, described in Section 4.5. Golgi tendon organs detect force generated by muscle. Skin receptors may be significant in detecting forces acting on the human body arising from motion imposed by the vehicle. The role of muscle activation signals in reacting forces imposed on the human body by vehicle motion may be significant in the human's estimation of motion. Cathcart [20] and Cathcart et al. [21] investigated the hypothesis that a passenger's perception of discomfort arising from transient longitudinal motion of a vehicle is related to the muscle activity required to keep the head upright, or related to the motion of the head relative to the torso. Further work remains to be done to better understand the role of somatosensors in occupant–vehicle dynamics.