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Laser Accidents
Published in Ken Barat, Laser Safety Management, 2017
One night of disrupted sleep probably will not result in huge catastrophes, but most people do not have just one night of disrupted sleep. Night after night they try to get by on less sleep than their bodies need. Sleepiness builds into a sleep debt because the effects of inadequate sleep are cumulative. For example, assume an adult needs 8 hours of sleep each night but only gets 7. By the end of a week there is a 7-hour sleep debt, which is the equivalent of going one full 24-hour period without the proper amount of sleep. In college this is called pulling an an all-nighter. Now let us figure the sleep debt for an individual who only gets 6 hours of sleep each night (which seems to be more accurate for most Americans). At the end of the week, that sleep debt is 14 hours — or two all-nighters. The bottom line is that as fatigue increases, your risk of causing an accident increases.
Α Fatigue, Performance, and Medical Error
Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Human Error in Medicine, 2018
People cannot store up sleep, but generally they can prerest, or sleep before anticipated periods of sustained work. This activity staves off inevitable fatigue and loss of alertness as work continues without rest. Sleep debt can be made up only by sleep. Generally, intermittent, broken sleep is not considered to be as restorative as a long continuous period of sleep. Sleeping when the body’s core temperature is low, during the circadian nadir, 1:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m., and during the mid-afternoon, 2:30 p.m. to 5:00 p.m., is believed to be the best time to obtain restorative sleep. During those periods, a person is not acting against the body’s temperature-warming tendencies. The warming period is a sign that the body expects to be awake (Naitoh & Angus, 1989).
The Nature of Fatigue
Published in John A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Caldwell, Fatigue in Aviation, 2016
John A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Caldwell
It has been suggested that a high degree of training, combined with past experience with sleep deprivation and shift work, is the key to avoiding performance problems associated with fatigue from overwork and rotating duty schedules. However, it is clear that people cannot be trained to overcome the effects of on-the-job sleepiness, despite familiarity with the problem and despite the fact that they may ultimately accept difficult work schedules as being “just a part of the job.” It has been shown that sleep-deprived people accumulate a substantial sleep debt over time (cumulative sleep loss) that degrades their performance and increases risk by concurrently reducing their ability to accurately judge their own level of impairment.
Evaluation of Fatigue and Workload among Workers Conducting Complex Manual Assembly in Manufacturing
Published in IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2021
Yaniel Torres, Sylvie Nadeau, Kurt Landau
The day-to-day cumulative process associated with fatigue was not within the scope of the study. However, fatigue and sleep can accumulate over days (e.g., sleep debt). Additionally, recent shift changes may be associated with sleep disturbances. Future research should explore this cumulative effect on fatigue in more detail and the potential impact of recent shift changes on the results, including the relation with sleep debt. Similarly, data associated with sleep quality could be collected in addition to data on sleep duration. This may allow investigators to evaluate the efficiency of sleep as another variable that may influence levels of fatigue.
Effects of partial sleep deprivation: speed management ability and associated crash risk
Published in Transportation Letters, 2023
Kirti Mahajan, Nagendra R. Velaga
Sleep-related crashes form a significant portion of road crashes worldwide. For instance, 20% crashes in the USA (NHTSA (U.S.) 2016), 20% in the UK (RoSPA 2020), and 20–30% in Australia (Australian Transport Council 2011) are owed to sleep drowsy/fatigued driving. Driver errors due to attention deficits by fatigue, distraction, etc. contribute to more than 18.9% of India’s road fatalities (Transport Research Wing (MoRTH) 2018). One of the most significant causes of sleep-related crashes is insufficient sleep, accumulating sleep debt and causing sleep-related fatigue (May and Baldwin 2009). Few studies indicate that the desired sleep refers to the habitual sleep of drivers, indicating the sufficiency of resting hours in their general routine (Greenberg, Aislinn, and Kirsten 2016). However, it is argued that prolonged wakefulness and consequent sleep loss might increase the desired sleep duration from habitual sleep (Hamid et al. 2016; Matthews et al. 2012). Therefore, sleep debt is often defined as the loss in desired sleep duration in proportion to the hours awake (Hursh et al. 2004). A chronic sleep loss can accumulate sleep debt, resulting in attention deficits and detrimental effects on driving performance and driver’s decisions/strategies to avoid crashes (Matthews et al. 2012; Caponecchia and Williamson 2018; Shekari Soleimanloo et al. 2017). Further, driving impairment due to sleep debt can worsen during specific times of a day (i.e. afternoon or ‘post-lunch dip’ period and nighttime) due to physiological decline in alertness (Matthews et al. 2012; Davenne et al. 2012). The consequent alertness decrements result in symptoms such as likelihood of falling asleep or difficulty in remaining awake (van Dijk et al. 2018). These symptoms can be recorded using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Sleepiness Symptoms Questionnaire (SSQ) as self-reported ratings by the drivers, which closely correspond to encephalogram/electro-oculogram (EEG/EOG) activity (Åkerstedt et al., 2014).