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Benefits of Trivalent Chromium in Human Nutrition?
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
In 1989, two studies conducted by Evans with young men participating in weight training reported significant losses in body fat and increases in lean muscle mass with Cr(III) picolinate supplementation (11). In one study, ten male subjects between 18 and 32 years of age were included. Half of the student subjects received a supplement containing 200 µg chromium as chromium picolinate for 40 days; the other half received a placebo. The subjects engaged in 40-min exercise periods twice a week. Body composition was estimated by measuring the thickness of skin folds and bicep and calf circumferences. Subjects in the supplement group on average gained 2.2 kg body mass, had no significant change in percentage body fat, and had an increase of 1.6 kg in lean body mass. In contrast subjects on the placebo on average gained 1.25 kg body mass had an increase in body mass of 1.1% and increased their lean body mass 0.04 kg. The increase in lean body mass for the subjects receiving chromium was said to be statistically greater than that for the control (or placebo) group (P = 0.019). No method to determine compliance of subjects was indicated. The error in the data (neither standard error nor standard deviation) was not presented, not allowing for the statistical data to be used in meta-analyses.
Modelling handgrip strength in the presence of confounding variables: results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey
Published in Thomas Reilly, Julie Greeves, Advances in Sport, Leisure and Ergonomics, 2003
Alan M. Nevill, Roger L. Holder
The maximum standing height of individual subjects was measured using a metal stadiometer (Holtain, Crymych, South Wales, UK), following a standard protocol (Weiner and Lourie 1981). Body mass was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using a calibrated digital weighing machine. Among the other anthropometric measures, estimates of percentage body fat (% fat) were determined using the methods of Durnin and Womersley (1974), based on skinfold thickness at the biceps, triceps, sub-scapular and supra-iliac muscles. For subjects over 60 years of age skeletal size was measured as the demispan (the distance between the sternal notch and the second and third finger root) using a metal tape measure. Demispan was recorded in addition to the subject’s height as a measure of skeletal size since, in this age group, there is evidence of varying levels of vertebral collapse and kyphosis (Bassey and Harries 1993).
Activities for Supporting Work Ability of Ageing Workers
Published in Joanna Bugajska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Tomasz Kostka, Individual and Occupational Determinants, 2020
Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are reliable indicators of visceral fat. The values – WC > 80 cm and WHR > 0.85 in women, and WC > 94 cm and WHR > 0.9 in men – indicate the presence of abdominal obesity. The percentage of body fat may be measured using the skinfold thickness measurement method, described by Durnin and Womersley (1974). Skinfold measurements are taken at four sites (triceps, biceps, sub-scapula and supra-ileum), and the percentage of body fat is estimated according to sex and age. However, the anthropometric methods, although simple and cheap, often fail to provide reliable, high-quality information about the nutritional status of older people.
Water consumption patterns impact hydration markers in males working in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommendations
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
Riana R. Pryor, Jonathan R. Larson, Lesley W. Vandermark, Blair D. Johnson, Zachary J. Schlader
During a screening visit, subjects completed the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to ensure subjects were physically active and healthy. Additionally, manual blood pressure using auscultation and manual HR at the radial artery was measured following 10 min of seated rest to ensure subjects were normotensive and not tachycardic. Height was measured to the nearest 1 cm using a stadiometer, and body mass was measured to the nearest 0.01 kg using a floor scale (Sartorius, Bohemia, NY). Skin fold measurements were taken at three sites (chest, abdomen, and thigh) in duplicate using a Lange skinfold caliper (BetaTechnology Inc, Cambridge, MD) with the mean value used to estimate body density to calculate percent body fat (Jackson and Pollock 1976).
The role of exercise selection in regional Muscle Hypertrophy: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Aitor Zabaleta-Korta, Eneko Fernández-Peña, Jon Torres-Unda, Arkaitz Garbisu-Hualde, Jordan Santos-Concejero
One day before and 3–4 days after the 5-week intervention, anthropometric characteristics of the participants were measured. Participants were weighed on a calibrated digital scale whilst wearing minimal clothing. Height was measured with a stadiometer attached to the scale with participants standing shoeless and head aligned in the horizontal Frankfurt plane. Eight-site skinfold measurements (in mm) were taken from the biceps, triceps, scapular, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and medial calf sites according to standard procedures using a skinfold calliper (Harpenden1, Baty International, West Sussex, UK). All skinfolds were measured to the nearest 1 mm and the mean of three readings was recorded as the final value for each site. All body composition measurements were taken by the same investigator 24–48 h before and 72–96 h after completion of the training protocol. Body fat percentage was estimated using the equation proposed by Faulkner (1966).
The non-linear relationship between sum of 7 skinfolds and fat and lean mass in elite swimmers
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Lachlan J.G. Mitchell, Kirstin S. Morris, Kate A. Bolam, Kellie R. Pritchard-Peschek, Tina L. Skinner, Megan E. Shephard
Participants’ height, body mass and ∑7 were measured by an International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry accredited anthropometrist. Skinfold measurements were taken in duplicate and the mean of these values taken for analysis, unless the difference between values exceeded 5%, in which case a third measure was taken and the median value used for analysis. All anthropometric measures were taken in accordance with the recommended methods of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (Stewart et al., 2011). Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with the head in the Frankfort plane using a calibrated stadiometer (Harpenden, Holtain, Crymych, UK) and body mass was measured to the nearest 0.05 kg with digital standing scales (Model UC-321, A&D, Tokyo, Japan). Skinfold thickness was measured using calibrated Harpenden skinfold calipers (Baty International, West Sussex, UK). Measurements were taken from seven sites; triceps, subscapular, biceps, supraspinale, abdomen, front thigh, and medial calf.