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The psychological benifits of physical exercise for women: improving employee quality of life
Published in John Kerr, Amanda Griffiths, Tom Cox, Workplace Health, Employee Fitness and Exercise, 2020
Precilla Y.L. Choi, Nanette Mutrie
Osteoporosis is the medical term for a condition in which there is a decrease in the absolute amount of bone, rendering the skeleton susceptible to breakages and fractures. It can affect both sexes, as there is a gradual decline in bone density with age. However, the loss of bone mass accelerates in women when ovarian function decreases during and after menopause. Thus postmenopausal women are more susceptible to osteoporosis than any other segment of the population (Kanis et al., 1990). The severity of the problem is evident from the following. First of all up to a third of those who suffer a femoral fracture (one of the most common sites of osteoporotic fracture) die within 6 months and more than a half of those who survive suffer increased disability and pain. Second, it is estimated that by the age of 70 40% of women in the UK have experienced an osteoporotic fracture (Royal College of Physicians, 1991). In addition, osteoporosis sufferers often have to contend with pain, disability, depression and decreased confidence in their physical abilities (Vaughn, 1976; Rickli and McManus, 1990).
Contribution of Bioavailable Silicon in Human Health
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Clinically, osteoporosis is defined as a progressive, debilitating skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture.110,114 Numerous human studies support a role for dietary silicon in bone health including reduction of risk for osteoporosis. In a retrospective, clinical study by Eisinger and Clairet, dietary silicon administration induced significant increases in bone mass and bone mineral density of the femur in human females.84 Moukarzel have also shown a direct, significant relationship between silicon intake and bone mineral density.115 In osteoporotic participants, supplementation with silicon increased trabecular bone volume and femoral bone mineral density.84,116 Spector et al. further showed an increase in bone formation markers and significant increases in femoral bone mineral density.110 Maehira et al. have shown in mice fed five different calcium sources with differing silicon concentrations that soluble silicate and coral sand, with the highest silicon content, significantly improved bone biochemical and mechanical properties through induced gene expression encouraging osteoblastogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis in agreement with others.117–119 Jugdaohsingh et al. have shown a positive association between serum silicon levels and bone mineral density in female rats after supplementation with MMST.120
Advances in Marine Skeletal Nanocomposites for Bone Repair
Published in S. M. Sapuan, Y. Nukman, N. A. Abu Osman, R. A. Ilyas, Composites in Biomedical Applications, 2020
The human skeleton is quite a complex structure consisting of a whopping 206 bones. These bones are connected by a network of tendon, cartilage, and ligament through a self-assembly model. The main physical functions of the skeletal structure are to provide structural support to a human body and protect the internal organs from physical injuries. Physiologically, bones are capable of self-repair in case of injury, play a role in hematopoiesis, and help form blood cells (Wang, Leng, & Gong, 2018). Structurally, bones are natural nanocomposites with a unique architecture that provides excellent functions required by the human body.
The opportunity of using alloplastic bone augmentation materials in the maxillofacial region– Literature review
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2019
Simion Bran, Grigore Baciut, Mihaela Baciut, Ileana Mitre, Florin Onisor, Mihaela Hedesiu, Avram Manea
The functions of the skeleton are: providing structural support for the rest of the body, permitting movement and locomotion by providing levers for the muscles, protecting vital organs, maintaining mineral homeostasis and acid-base balance, serving as a reservoir of growth factors and cytokines, and providing the environment for hematopoiesis within the marrow spaces. Bone constantly undergoes remodeling to help it adapt to changing biomechanical forces. This process also ensures the replacement of old, microdamaged bone and replaces it with new and mechanically stronger bone (Yamamoto, Noguchi, and Takahashi 2005).
Benzo[a]pyrene osteotoxicity and the regulatory roles of genetic and epigenetic factors: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Jiezhang Mo, Doris Wai-Ting Au, Jiahua Guo, Christoph Winkler, Richard Yuen-Chong Kong, Frauke Seemann
The skeletal system has important functions in the body such as facilitating locomotion, supporting and protecting vital organs, storing minerals and growth factors, and harboring bone marrow (Crockett et al., 2011; Witten & Huysseune, 2009). While the skeletal system provides regulatory functions for other organs and systems, it can also be affected by numerous organs and systems (DiGirolamo et al., 2012). Thus, the impact of a toxicant such as BaP on multiple organs can also impact skeletal system functions (Moffat et al., 2015).
Evolution of different designs and wear studies in total hip prosthesis using finite element analysis: A review
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Chethan K N, Shyamasunder Bhat N, Mohammad Zuber, Satish Shenoy B
The musculoskeletal system which comprises different muscles, bones, and ligaments gives support, stability, shape, and movement to the human body. The total number of bones in the skeletal system is 270 at birth and gradually reduces in number to 206 at adulthood due to the fusion of few bones (Chethan, Zuber, Bhat, et al., 2019a). The hip joint is amongst the largest of the weight-bearing joints after the knee (Figure 1) and one of the strongest joints.