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Optimization and Dose Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial Imaging
Published in Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico, Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging, 2018
The treatment of periapical lesions is the realm of the endodontist, who has to decide if the tooth can be saved with root canal treatment or needs to be extracted. This decision is based on patient signs and symptoms, clinical findings, and imaging features. Endodontic treatment consists of cleaning, shaping, and disinfection of the root canals, followed by obturation of the canals, usually with gutta percha and paste sealer. Antibiotics are contraindicated, as there is generally not any infection in the osseous tissues. Endodontically treated teeth are usually then treated with a cast post-and-core restoration, which forms the base for a cast restoration of the crown. Traditional imaging has been with periapical radiographs, and panoramic images show overt periapical lesions; however, early apical periodontitis will often not be detected with any conventional imaging techniques. Several new modalities have appeared in recent years, including root apex locators (an electronic device which can identify the narrowest portion of the canal), microendoscopic canal evaluations, and CBCT that add to the strength of defining the extent of overt lesions and mapping canals, but still are not very reliable in detection of early disease.
Work-Related Ill Health
Published in Céline McKeown, Office Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2018
Some individuals experience symptoms in only one place, such as at the wrist, while others encounter symptoms in several places. The sites at which the symptoms are present and the type of signs and symptoms displayed allow a specific diagnosis to be made. Typical symptoms and signs include pain, swelling, tenderness, aching (often described as similar to toothache), and underlying discomfort. Sufferers may also experience sensations such as tingling, ‘pins and needles’, a feeling of heat, or a more extreme burning sensation, numbness, or sensations described as electric shocks. They may also find that their hands have become stiff, or weaker, making it more difficult to carry objects. The grip might not be as strong as it once was, making it difficult to perform certain tasks, such as opening a jam jar or bottle cap. They may find that, generally, their hands are less dexterous, and they may occasionally experience cramps or spasms. An observer may notice that parts of the sufferer’s limbs are swollen, or there may be a change in skin colour. They may hear a crackling sound when some areas of the limb, such as the wrist, are moved, and they may notice a change in the ability of the sufferer to grip, move, or operate objects. The sufferers of these conditions will find that the pain or discomfort is not transitory, in contrast to the general aches and pains that many workers experience at some time in their working life. The sooner individuals are assessed, given a diagnosis and treated, the more likely it is that they will make a successful recovery. Without appropriate intervention, some individuals may start to experience severe and chronic pain and impairment of limb function. Ultimately, they may be left with residual disability.
Principles of building diagnostics
Published in James Douglas, Bill Ransom, Understanding Building Failures, 2013
Diagnosis, the key professional judgment process in building diagnostics, has its roots in medicine. It is derived from the Greek ‘dia’ (apart, distinguish, through) and ‘gnosis’ (to know). Thus, diagnosis is the art of distinguishing between diseases (or problems) by their signs and symptoms. Signs are those direct clues obtained on site, which are usually visual – such as the cracking or distortion of render. They are taken as objective indications of a building condition or problem.
A retrospective chart review of the patient population accessing augmentative & alternative communication at an urban assistive technology center
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Allison Bean, Julia Zezinka, Carmen DiGiovine, Amy Miller Sonntag, Megan Case
It is important to note that although the majority of patients seeking evaluations at the AT center have progressive diseases, there were notable differences across these individuals. Twenty of the patients had a diagnosis of ALS, four had a diagnosis of Huntington’s disease, two had a diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia and the remaining two patients had diagnoses of Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Although these are all progressive diseases, the progression and associated symptoms vary. Multiple Sclerosis – a central nervous disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves – follows four different disease courses (National MS Society, n.d.). Like Multiple Sclerosis, ALS is a nervous system disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. Although the signs and symptoms of ALS vary from person to person, disease the disease progression looks similar over time. The disease progresses until it eventually affects an individual’s control of the muscles needed to move, eat, speak and breathe (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). These examples illustrate how even when working with patient’s who fall under a general disease category (e.g., progressive diseases) the needs of each individual and progression of the disease may vary within and across disease type. As such, SLPs may not rely on a one-size-fits all approach to AAC device prescription or treatment.
Data preprocessing in knowledge discovery in breast cancer: systematic mapping study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
Imane Chlioui, Ali Idri, Ibtissam Abnane
RQ2: The breast cancer activities can be divided into six categories: (Abreu et al. 2016; Kadi et al. 2019) Screening: is carried out with a patient with a hidden disease without any symptoms and appears with a good health.Diagnosis: attempts to identify the disease from its signs and symptoms. The selection of an appropriate treatment method is therefore based on the results of a diagnosis procedure.Prognosis: consists to forecast the prospects of recovery as indicated by the nature of the disease and the symptoms.Treatment: allows the patient to recover and prevents the disease from progressing.Monitoring: concerns the observation phase of the disease and the patient’s condition over time.Management: is related to health promotion and medical services.
Diagnosis, treatment & management of prosthetic valve thrombosis: the key considerations
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Sabahattin Gündüz, Macit Kalçık, Mustafa Ozan Gürsoy, Ahmet Güner, Mehmet Özkan
The diagnosis requires recognition of the disease because PHVT is not always associated with typical signs and symptoms caused by valve obstruction or thromboembolic events [3–5,7,8,10]. Indeed, subclinical and or asymptomatic PHVT is more common and can only be diagnosed with advanced imaging [6]. In asymptomatic cases and certain symptomatic patients with PHVT, the so-called first-line imaging tool, the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), may remain inconclusive in terms of demonstrating thrombus which is mandatory for selecting the proper treatment option. Hence, in those with a suspicion of PHVT, either symptomatic or clinically silent, a multimodality imaging approach is recommended with a class 1 indication in the most recent guidelines [31]. In addition to visualization of PHVT, concurrent abnormalities including left atrial thrombus, other valvular diseases, left and right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension should also be assessed. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays a central role in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic purposes in all patients with PHVT. Cinefluoroscopic (CF) examination of the leaflet excursion provides complementary data to TEE examination in patients with mechanical prostheses [7,8]. Furthermore, multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) provides quantitative information in terms of differentiation between thrombus and pannus formation [32]. The utility of the all potential imaging modalities is discussed separately in the following sections.