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After the Last Landing
Published in Robert Bor, Carina Eriksen, Todd P. Hubbard, Ray King, Pilot Selection, 2019
Nicklas Dahlström, Mark Cameron
Working shifts, nights and flying across time zones has been one of the concerns in regards to pilot health. That shift work has physiological consequences linked to deteriorated health and illness has been found in multiple large-scale studies, such as in regards to weight (Suwazono et al., 2008), diabetes (Pan et al., 2011), cardiovascular issues (Fujino et al., 2006; Brown et al., 2009) and different types of cancer (Kubo et al., 2006). However, there seems to be limited literature on pilots in regards to similar effects of shift work on their health. Many pilots will be able to provide accounts of the effects of shift work, such as tiredness, fatigue, stress and other related factors with potentially negative effect. Still, it seems that safety concerns linked to shift work, coded into regulation as in-Flight Time Limitations (FTLs), and more recently Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMSs), overall provide adequate protection from negative health effects, at least on the scale of the wider pilot population.
Factors Affecting Performance
Published in Demetris Yiannakides, Charalampos Sergiou, Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance, 2019
Demetris Yiannakides, Charalampos Sergiou
Research in different domains where shift work is prevalent reveals that shift work can cause physical and mental disorders like obesity and stress (Luckhaupt et al. 2014) and thus impact health, social life, work performance and effectiveness (Saksvik et al. 2011). Particularly in the field of aircraft maintenance, it is argued that shift workers who undertake their tasks in the very early hours of the morning are more likely to commit errors than those following normal schedules (Hobbs et al. 2010). Furthermore, rotating shift work in aircraft maintenance that requires engineers to constantly switch from an eight-hour day to an eight-hour night shift is reported to be associated with sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption, which causes sleepiness and cumulative and circadian fatigue, as presented later in this chapter.
Air Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Air Pollution and the Electromagnetic Phenomena as Incitants, 2018
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Shift work including a nighttime rotation is common, with up to 20% of the Western workforce encountering alternative work schedules some time during their career.54 Observational studies55–71 consistently suggest positive associations of night-shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD)55 and cancer56–71 risk. Thus, the WHO72 in 2007 classified night work as a probable carcinogen. In addition to the link with cancer and CVD risk, other health outcomes, including diabetes, hypertension, chronic fatigue, various sleep problems,73–76 and higher body weight,75 are associated with shift work.77–79 However, evidence is more limited and inconsistent80 on associations between night-shift work and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in observational studies.71,81–85
Workability and productivity among CTL machine operators – associations with sleep, fitness, and shift work
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2023
Heli Kymäläinen, Teppo Hujala, Carola Häggström, Jukka Malinen
Forest machine operators tend to work in shifts (Kymäläinen et al. 2021) which vary in length with the market situation and the seasons/weather in the Nordic countries. Shift work exposes the worker to circadian misalignment and sleep restriction, and it’s generally associated with disturbed life rhythms (Declercq et al. 2022). Shift workers suffer excessive fatigue and insomnia far more often than day workers, and it can lead to undesirable effects, such as reduced work performance, increased processing errors, and accidents at work (Drake et al. 2004; Eldevik et al. 2013; Katz et al. 2014; Gingerich et al. 2018; Declercq et al. 2022). The rising and setting of the sun synchronizes human circadian rhythm through a process known as entrainment (Gibson and Shrader 2018), and the human circadian clock is predominantly and powerfully entrained by the sun rather than by social time (Roenneberg et al. 2007). Furthermore, daylight hours in Nordic countries vary to a great extent between summer and winter seasons, and intra-annual changes in sunlight also influence human sleep patterns through a similar process of entrainment (Hubert et al. 1998; Gibson and Shrader 2018). Nicholls et al. (2004) discovered the timber harvesting operators’ shortest sleep was after the third rostered shift implying operator fatigue would be highest toward the end of the working week. In addition, studies show that insufficient sleep induces a decline in cognitive capacity (Rosekind et al. 2010; Bartrim et al. 2020) which is essential in CTL harvesting work.
Modeling cause-and-effect relationships among predictive variables of human error based on the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2022
Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Mohsen Sadeghi Yarandi, Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Mohsen Mahdinia
In accordance with the above-mentioned findings, previous research also shows that the majority of major accidents such as Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and Bhopal happened on the night shift because of human errors (Mariana, Sahroni, and Gustiyana 2018). Shift work can make workers prone to a variety of risk factors, such as sleep disorder and fatigue, that can result in human error and occupational accidents (Mizuno et al. 2016a). Going on different work shifts can impair the body’s circadian rhythm which is one of the key factors in maintaining sleep quality and reducing physical/mental fatigue (Abedini et al. 2015; Choobineh, Soltanzadeh, Tabatabai, et al. 2011; Mariana, Sahroni, and Gustiyana 2018). In other words, shift work can negatively affect all human cognitive performances and impair their focusing and learning abilities, reaction time, memory capacities and movement skills (Choobineh, Soltanzadeh, Tabatabaee, et al. 2011). Human cognitive performances, such as active memory and information processing speed, play an important role in various types of human activities. Therefore, a temporary failure in human cognitive and mental performances can lead to unfortunate consequences, particularly when a timely and exact reaction is needed (Ferri et al. 2016).
Expert system application for prioritizing preventive actions for shift work: shift expert
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Hatice Esen, Tuğçen Hatipoğlu, Ahmet Cihan, Nilgün Fiğlali
Similarly, the organizational report of worker 2 showed the following important points to decrease the negative effects of shift work: Develop wellness strategies, such as exercise and diet, to increase work motivation. A healthy workforce will be stronger against stress and illness and will more easily adapt to shift work.Train and inform workers about the effects of shift work for occupational health because shift work increases the risk of health problems.Shift work has an impact on many health-related problems, such as gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular diseases, reproductive problems and increased sensitivity to minor diseases. Informing the workplace doctor about working conditions can facilitate early diagnoses of health problems.