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Sonography in Male Infertility
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
The seminal vesicles are important in the elaboration of the seminal plasma, and their secretions form up to 80% of the total ejaculate. Abnormal fructose metabolism in the seminal vesicle may contribute to the inadequate storage capacity and diminished number of spermatozoa available for fertilization. Decreased volume capacity of seminal vesicles in chronic inflammation can lead to relative infertility with normal spermiogenesis. Residual fibrotic tissue, after acute vesiculitis, can result in stenosis or stricture of the vesiculoprostatic segment. On the longitudinal suprapubic scan (Figure 4), the seminal vesicles appear as small ovoid hypoechoic formations, placed cranially to the prostate. Transversal scans show two small ovoid hypoechogenic areas near the posterior detrusor wall. Sometimes they have asymmetric features, but echogenicity must be equal. The presence of internal echoes and hyper- or hypoechogenicity of the capsule are the pathological findings. Correct sonographic diagnosis of seminal vesicle diseases can be established in 92% of patients with the transrectal approach, while suprapubic sonography enables diagnosis8 in 68% patients. The technique of sonographic exploration and volumetry also has been described.1,8,9 Congenital absence of the vas and seminal vesicles may occur as an isolated anatomical defect (Figures 6 to 8).
Reproduction, development and work
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
The seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid that constitutes 60% of the volume of semen. It is very rich in fructose (a sugar) which nourishes the sperm after it has been deposited in the female reproductive tract. The duct from the seminal vesicles and the ductus deferens join to form the ejaculatory duct, so that sperm and seminal fluid enter the urethra together during ejaculation.
Association of semenogelin (SEMG) gene variants in idiopathic male infertility in Chinese-Han population
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Jing Wu, Xingxuan Dong, Kaifan Liu, Yankai Xia, Xinru Wang, Ouxi Shen, Xinliang Ding, Jie Zhang
Human seminal vesicles predominantly secrete SEMG protein whose function is to contribute to sperm clotting (Yamasaki et al. 2017). In general, semen upon ejaculation coagulates to form a seminal gel. Subsequently, semen liquefaction occurs within 5–20 min after ejaculation. Investigators found that SEMG protein expression affected the formation of semen gel, activation of sperm motility, and dissolution of semen coagulum (Lilja 1985; Lilja, Abrahamsson, and Lundwall 1989; Lundwall et al. 2002). Interestingly, the SEMG proteins activated a network of related peptidases by binding to zinc ions and then initiating self-degradation (Gupta et al. 2017; Jonsson et al. 2005). The activated prostate-specific antigen hydrolyzes the SEMG protein into smaller molecules at specific site after ejaculation, resulting in the release of encased spermatozoa (Akiyama et al. 1987; Ishiguro et al. 2015). In addition, Gupta et al. (2017) suggested that SEMG protein restricts spermatozoa motility by creating a dense network. However, the effect of SEMG protein expression in idiopathic male infertility is not known.
Hyperlipidemia and male infertility
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Zainab Bubakr Hamad Zubi, Hamad Abdulsalam Hamad Alfarisi
Male reproductive system is responsible for production, storage and transport of sperm under hormonal control. The sperm and testosterone hormone are produced in two testes protected in the scrotal sac. The sperm pass from the testis to the epididymis where the storage of sperm occurs. Just before ejaculation, the sperm pass from the epididymis to the vas deferens. The vas deferens joins the ejaculatory duct from the seminal vesicle. At time of ejaculation, the sperm mix with the seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicle and prostate to produce semen which passes out of the body through urethral meatus [14].