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Radionuclide-based Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Sven-Erik Strand, Mohamed Altai, Joanna Strand, David Ulmert
Although all major sex steroid hormones have been found to play a part in healthy prostate development and development of prostate pathologies, testosterone has the most impact. During ejaculation, sperm is transported from the testes along vas deferens (two bilateral tubes). The seminal vesicles, which are connected to the vas deferens at the entrance to the prostatic urethra, add a mildly alkaline fluid that contains gel-forming seminogelins that form an immobilizing matrix around the sperm. Next, prostate enzymes (PSA and hK2) that effectively liquefy the gel by cleaving the seminogelins are mixed in at the prostatic urethra. The prostatic fluid also contains high concentrations of zinc, which effectively inhibits the enzymatic activity from prematurely degrading the matrix. Normal PSA values in blood are age-related, with 40–49 years with approximate values such as < 2.5, 50–59 years, < 3.5, 60–69 years, < 4.5, 70 –79 years, < 5.5, above 80, > 7 ng/mL. However, enlarged prostate (benign prostate hyperplasia, BPH) can show PSA values of up to 20 ng/mL. The PSA production is schematically shown in Figure 19.2.
Intervention: Nanotechnology in Reconstructive Intervention and Surgery
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Vasovasostomy is surgery to reverse blockage or ligation of the vas deferens (usually as a result of a previous vasectomy procedure). Robotic-assisted vaso-vasostomy microsurgery is an experimental procedure developed on animal models, which has recently been used on human patients [359-361]. The challenges and prospective benefits are similar to those for varicocelectomy.
Imaging of the genitourinary tract
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
o The seminal vesicles drain into the vas deferens. The vas deferens is a continuation of the epididymis and ascends through the inguinal canal within the spermatic cord, and joins the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle to become the ejaculatory duct.
Hyperlipidemia and male infertility
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Zainab Bubakr Hamad Zubi, Hamad Abdulsalam Hamad Alfarisi
Male reproductive system is responsible for production, storage and transport of sperm under hormonal control. The sperm and testosterone hormone are produced in two testes protected in the scrotal sac. The sperm pass from the testis to the epididymis where the storage of sperm occurs. Just before ejaculation, the sperm pass from the epididymis to the vas deferens. The vas deferens joins the ejaculatory duct from the seminal vesicle. At time of ejaculation, the sperm mix with the seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicle and prostate to produce semen which passes out of the body through urethral meatus [14].