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Automotive finishing and re-finishing
Published in Andrew Livesey, Alan Robinson, The Repair of Vehicle Bodies, 2018
Risk assessment – At first appearance car cleaning may appear a relatively safe activity, but the following points must be considered when writing a risk assessment for this activity: Excessively hot water temperature or very low water temperature can cause scalding or frostbite.Continuously wet hands or other body parts can cause skin problems.Vibrations from polishing and other rotating parts can cause white finger.Inhaling particulates, dust or fumes from products can cause respiratory and other problems.Bending and stretching can cause back injury.
SANITARY FITMENTS AND APPLIANCES: DISCHARGE AND WASTE SYSTEMS
Published in Fred Hall, Roger Greeno, Building Services Handbook, 2011
As can be seen, there is a conflicting temperature differential between the two perspectives of about 20C. Therefore, scalding is possible unless measures are introduced to blend the hot water supply with cooler water. Mixing valve types: Type 1 (TMV 1) mechanical mixing with an over temperature stop to BS EN 1286: Sanitary tapware. Low pressure mechanical mixing valves. General technical specification. Or, BS 5779: Specification for spray mixing taps. Type 2 (TMV2) Or, BS thermostatic EN 1111: mixing to BS EN 1287: Sanitary mixing
Specific Maintenance Procedures and Requirements
Published in Ryan Cruzan, Manager’s Guide to Preventive Building Maintenance, 2020
Excessive water temperatures at sinks, bath tubs, showers, or other locations can cause scalding. Children under 5 and the elderly are most susceptible to burns from hot water but hot water can burn anyone. Most adults will suffer third-degree burns if exposed to 150 degree water for two seconds; 140 degree water for six-seconds; or 130 degree water for 30 seconds. Even at water temperatures of 120 degrees, third degree burns can occur with an exposure of 5 minutes.
A polysaccharide/chitin hydrogel wound dressing from a Periplanattica americana residue: coagulation, antioxidant activity, and wound healing properties
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Xuehua Li, Xin Xiao, Yali Liu, Jie Zhou, Hanwen Hu, Tao Yang, Haimei Yuan, Qin Song
On day 7, the hydrogel-treated wound tissues exhibited varying degrees of inflammatory infiltration (indicated by green arrows), and the inflammatory infiltration of the P0.3/PCGEL-treated tissues was significantly milder than the rest. Meanwhile, the control group had severe lesions with many cavities in the skin tissue (indicated by red arrows), which may have been due to the separation of the epidermis and dermis and to edema after scalding. The wound sites treated with KFX Liquid, PCGEL, and P0.1/PCGEL also showed different degrees of edema, and their tissue structures were irregular. Conversely, in the wounds treated with P0.3/PCGEL, the abovementioned phenomena were not obvious. During the late healing stage (days 9–18), the scabs were removed from all mice. Epiderm-dermis separation was still observed in the control mice and those treated with KFX Liquid and PCGEL. Additionally, new hair follicles were generated in mice treated with P0.1/PCGEL and P0.3/PCGEL (indicated by the yellow arrow). Compared with mice treated with P0.1/PCGEL, the P0.3/PCGEL-treated mice showed better skin growth because the newly generated epidermis was thinner and closer to the thickness of the normal skin epidermis.
Assault burn injuries in adolescents and adults in South Africa: risk factors and characteristics
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Ashley van Niekerk, Rajen Govender, David Kimemia
Regarding the causal agent, chemical burns were more than five times and scalding more than twice as likely to be the cause of a burn assault compared to flame burns. Chemicals are especially portable as weapons and can be used more readily in an assault. These may also be the preferred weapon, if the intention is for revenge (Abdulrasheed et al., 2014) or to mutilate and shame, but not to kill (Peck, 2012). The emphasis in the current study is furthermore of burn assaults to the head and neck, with the consequent facial disfigurement and in some instances blindness which would align to such motives of punishment. The use of chemicals in assaults may however also reflect the limited access to more lethal weapons such as firearms, as in South Africa where there has been increasingly stringent firearm legislation (Mayosi et al., 2009). In such instances the use of chemicals, especially where surprise is a key element, would therefore be sufficiently disabling to enable an attack for economic gain.
Dark side of customs: scalding burns in childhood due to use of traditional teacup and teapot, in Turkey
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Aysun Balseven-Odabaşı, Mahmut Şerif Yıldırım, Ramazan Akçan, S. Songül Yalçın, Tolga İ̇nce, Ali Rıza Tümer, Kaya Yorgancı
A review of the literature reveals that scalding burns comprise the overwhelming majority of pediatric burns (Balseven-Odabaşi et al. 2009; Othman and Kendrick 2010; Aliosmanoglu et al. 2013; Trop et al. 2015; Lee et al. 2016; Saeman et al. 2016; Banerjee and Shumba 2020). Phillips et al. (1986) showed that 92.5% of pediatric scalding burn-related patients were scalded with hot water or tea/coffee. Similarly, çaydanlık and traditional tea cup-related burns are a significant cause of scalding burns (Sakallioğlu et al. 2007). In this study conducted in Ankara, Turkey, 48.6% of pediatric scalding burn cases were due to çaydanlık or traditional teacup-related incidents. Burn injuries are among common causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric population, with younger children being at a higher risk (Xin et al. 2006; Rawlins et al. 2007; Othman and Kendrick 2010; Patel et al. 2018). In a previously conducted study in Turkey, 40% of 186 patients with pediatric burn injuries were under 12 months old (Aytaç et al. 2004). Rossi et al. (1998) reported that 50% of pediatric burn injury cases treated at their center in Brazil were under 3 years of age. Similarly, Mashreky et al. (2008) studied the epidemiological survey of pediatric burn injuries and found that the incidence of burn injuries is highest among active preschool children, particularly those aged 1–4 years. Consistent with the literature, most of patients in our series were under 2 years of age, and scalding injuries are the most commonly observed in younger children (Xin et al. 2006). Many published studies reveal a male predominance in cases of pediatric burn injuries (Coruh et al. 2005; Rawlins et al. 2007; Othman and Kendrick 2010). The data obtained in the present study are compatible with the related literature.